ch.4 powerpoint
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The Civil War and ReconstructionTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4 NotesChapter 4 Notes
Frederick Douglas, Frederick Douglas, escaped slaveescaped slave
made speeches made speeches against slaveryagainst slavery
owned newspaper owned newspaper called “North Star”called “North Star”
Abolition - Effort to end slaveryAbolition - Effort to end slavery
Compromise of 1820Compromise of 1820“Missouri Compromise”“Missouri Compromise”
Missouri, a Missouri, a slave territory, slave territory, applied to be a applied to be a StateState
would be would be admitted if admitted if Maine was Maine was admitted as a admitted as a Free StateFree State
maintains the balance of power in congress maintains the balance of power in congress (12 Free/12 Slave)(12 Free/12 Slave)
Drew a line dividing the Louisiana TerritoryDrew a line dividing the Louisiana Territory everything above must be free, except everything above must be free, except
MissouriMissouri
Nat TurnerNat Turner Virginia slave, led Virginia slave, led
slave revolt, 1831slave revolt, 1831 50 followers 50 followers
attacked 4 attacked 4 plantations plantations killing 60 peoplekilling 60 people
eventually eventually captured and captured and hangedhanged
Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 California California
admitted as Free admitted as Free StateState
South was given South was given The Fugitive Slave The Fugitive Slave LawLaw runaway slaves runaway slaves
were to be were to be returned even if returned even if caught in the caught in the NorthNorth
““The Underground Railroad”The Underground Railroad”
Secret network of Secret network of volunteers who hid volunteers who hid fugitive slaves fugitive slaves fleeing northfleeing north
1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act ““Popular Popular
Sovereignty”Sovereignty” allow allow
people to people to decide decide whether or whether or not to have not to have slaveryslavery
cancels cancels Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise
““Bleeding Kansas”- 1855Bleeding Kansas”- 1855 Kansas became battleground over Kansas became battleground over
slaveryslavery some say Civil War actually started heresome say Civil War actually started here
1857 - Dred Scott Case1857 - Dred Scott Case
moved from slave moved from slave state to free state state to free state and back to slave and back to slave statestate
Dred Scott sued Dred Scott sued for his freedom for his freedom
Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled that slaves ruled that slaves are considered are considered property and have property and have no rightsno rights
1858-Lincoln-Douglas debates1858-Lincoln-Douglas debates U.S. senate race- U.S. senate race-
IllinoisIllinois Douglas was for Douglas was for
popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty Lincoln said Union Lincoln said Union
could not exist half could not exist half slave, half freeslave, half freeAA
““House dividedHouse divided against itself, against itself, cannot stand.”cannot stand.”
Douglas wins but Douglas wins but Lincoln becomes Lincoln becomes popularpopular
Nov. 1860 - Lincoln elected 16thNov. 1860 - Lincoln elected 16th President,President, (ultimate cause of Civil (ultimate cause of Civil War)War)
Dec. 1860 – South Carolina Dec. 1860 – South Carolina secedes from the Unionsecedes from the Union
10 other slave 10 other slave states states (including (including Texas)Texas) seceded seceded forming forming The The Confederate Confederate States of AmericaStates of America
Four slave states did not secede/became Four slave states did not secede/became known as known as “Border States”“Border States” ( (Missouri, Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, DelawareKentucky, Maryland, Delaware))
Fort SumterFort Sumter
Union fortUnion fort Falls to south Falls to south starts combatstarts combat
CIVIL WAR 1861-1865CIVIL WAR 1861-1865
Northern LeadersNorthern Leaders
President Abraham President Abraham LincolnLincoln
from 1863from 1863 - General - General Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant
Southern LeadersSouthern Leaders
President President
Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis
General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. Lee
StrategiesStrategies NorthNorth blockade southern portsblockade southern ports
Stop trade with EuropeStop trade with Europe
split South in half by capturing Mississippi Riversplit South in half by capturing Mississippi River capture Richmond, Virginia capture Richmond, Virginia
South’s capitalSouth’s capital
South South Fight a defensive warFight a defensive war
attack if possibleattack if possible
UnionUnion
ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
•PopulationPopulation
•Larger militaryLarger military
•More FactoriesMore Factories
•More Rail linesMore Rail lines
Poor leadersPoor leaders
Did not know the Did not know the landland
No Cause (save No Cause (save the Union) until the Union) until 1863 (Free the 1863 (Free the slaves)slaves)
Confederate
ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES
• Fight a defensive warFight a defensive war
• Knew the landKnew the land
• Great leadersGreat leaders
• Cause, Cause, INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE
• Smaller populationSmaller population
• Smaller militarySmaller military
• Fewer factoriesFewer factories
• Fewer rail linesFewer rail lines
Major BattlesMajor Battles
July, 1861 Battle of Bull RunJuly, 1861 Battle of Bull RunManassas, VirginiaManassas, Virginia
first land battlefirst land battle 25 miles from D.C.25 miles from D.C. North expected quick, North expected quick,
easy victoryeasy victory major victory for major victory for
SouthSouth many southern many southern
soldiers thought soldiers thought war war was over and went was over and went home to celebratehome to celebrate
1861-Antietam, MA.1861-Antietam, MA. bloodiest single bloodiest single day battleday battle 26,000 total casualties26,000 total casualties
1862-Shiloh, Tenn.1862-Shiloh, Tenn.
North begins North begins splitting South splitting South in half in Tenn.in half in Tenn.
Battle of the Ironclads Battle of the Ironclads 18621862
July, 1863-Vicksburg, Miss. and July, 1863-Vicksburg, Miss. and Gettysburg, Pa.Gettysburg, Pa.
both major victories both major victories for the Northfor the North
VicksburgVicksburg split the Southsplit the South
GettysburgGettysburg South lost 28,000 South lost 28,000
menmen turning point in the turning point in the
warwar southern morale southern morale
dropsdrops
1863-Gettysburg Address1863-Gettysburg Addresshonoring the fallen after the battlehonoring the fallen after the battle
1863-Emancipation 1863-Emancipation ProclamationProclamation
speech made by speech made by Lincoln freeing Lincoln freeing slaves in the south slaves in the south onlyonly
changed the cause changed the cause for the Northfor the North
1864 - Sherman’s March to the Sea1864 - Sherman’s March to the Sea
from from Tenn. Tenn. through Georgiathrough Georgia
burned/destroyed burned/destroyed farms, cities, farms, cities, railroadsrailroads – 1 – 1stst total total warwar
Atlanta totally Atlanta totally destroyeddestroyed
splits South againsplits South again
April, 1865-Appomattox Court House, Va.April, 1865-Appomattox Court House, Va. Lee surrenders to Grant Lee surrenders to Grant with generous with generous termsterms, , war endswar ends
THE RECONSTRUCTION THE RECONSTRUCTION ERAERA
(1865-1877)(1865-1877)
Two Different PlansTwo Different Plans
Lincoln’s Plan Lincoln’s Plan reunite the nationreunite the nation very lenientvery lenient
Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans make the South “pay” for starting the warmake the South “pay” for starting the war military occupation of the South military occupation of the South Black suffrageBlack suffrage
Voting rightsVoting rights
April, 1865 Lincoln assassinated April, 1865 Lincoln assassinated By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s
TheatreTheatre Radical Reconstruction wins controlRadical Reconstruction wins control
Andrew Johnson - presidentAndrew Johnson - president
Lincoln’s V.P. Lincoln’s V.P. tried to run tried to run
Lincoln’s plan Lincoln’s plan not strong enough not strong enough
to control Congressto control Congress 11stst President to President to
become impeachedbecome impeached Be accusedBe accused
Johnson’s Impeachment Johnson’s Impeachment TrialTrial Came within one vote of being removed Came within one vote of being removed
from officefrom office
South divided into military districtsSouth divided into military districts
Controlled by military governorsControlled by military governors
A different type of A different type of invasioninvasion
SharecroppingSharecropping
new form of new form of slavery startsslavery starts ex-slaves agree ex-slaves agree
to farm land to farm land owned by owned by someone elsesomeone else
able to keep able to keep some of the crop some of the crop for themselvesfor themselves
always in debtalways in debt
Ku Klux Klan bornKu Klux Klan born goal goal
rid south of rid south of ReconstructionReconstruction
intimidate ex-slavesintimidate ex-slaves
Civil War Amendments Civil War Amendments passedpassed 1865 - 131865 - 13thth
outlawed slaveryoutlawed slavery
1866 - 141866 - 14thth
ex-slaves became U.S. citizensex-slaves became U.S. citizens
1870 - 151870 - 15thth
ex-slaves given the right to voteex-slaves given the right to vote
Southern States Southern States pass pass “Black Codes”“Black Codes” which limit ex-slaves which limit ex-slaves
rightsrights
Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws made segregation made segregation
legal in the Southlegal in the South