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Page 1: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 1

Pipes, Filtersand Redirection

Page 2: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 2

OverviewOverview

Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard

output.

Page 3: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 3

OverviewOverview

Learn how pipes can be used to connect programs.

Page 4: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 4

OverviewOverview

How filters can be used to manipulate data will be

explained.

Page 5: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 5

OverviewOverview

What shell extensions are and how they may be used will be

discussed.

Page 6: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 6

OverviewOverview

Learn how to combine commands using pipes, filters,

and redirection.

Page 7: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 7

Redirection of Standard Redirection of Standard I/O I/O (Input/Output)(Input/Output)

Operating system gets information from or sends information to:

Standard input Standard output Standard error

Page 8: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 8

Redirection of Standard Redirection of Standard I/O I/O (Input/Output)(Input/Output)

Fig 9.1 Input and Output Devices p. 440Fig 9.1 Input and Output Devices p. 440

Page 9: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 9

Redirection of Standard Redirection of Standard I/O I/O (Input/Output)(Input/Output)

Not all commands deal with standard input/output.

Page 10: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 10

Redirection of Standard Redirection of Standard I/O I/O (Input/Output)(Input/Output)

Fig 9.2 Results of Copy Command p. 440Fig 9.2 Results of Copy Command p. 440

Page 11: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 11

Redirection of Standard Redirection of Standard I/O I/O (Input/Output)(Input/Output)

I/O redirection tells OS you want information read from or written

to a device other than the standard ones.

Page 12: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 12

Redirection of Standard Redirection of Standard I/O I/O (Input/Output)(Input/Output)

Fig 9.3 Redirecting Standard Output p. 441Fig 9.3 Redirecting Standard Output p. 441

Page 13: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 13

Redirection of Standard Redirection of Standard I/O I/O (Input/Output)(Input/Output)

Symbols used for redirection: > (greater than) < (less than) >> (double greater than)

Page 14: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 14

Activity—Using > to Activity—Using > to Redirect Standard OutputRedirect Standard Output

KEY CONCEPTS: Redirection is either/or process Redirection works with commands that

write their results to standard output device (screen)

Using > COPY can only copy files, not commands

Page 15: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 15

Activity—Using < to Activity—Using < to Redirect Standard InputRedirect Standard Input

KEY CONCEPTS: DEL*.* requires keyboard response Using < Any input from keyboard ignored if

redirection of input is from a file

Page 16: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 16

Activity—Using >> to Add Activity—Using >> to Add Redirected Output to a FileRedirected Output to a File

KEY CONCEPTS: Using > between files - first file

overwrites second file Using >> between files - first file

appended to end of second file

Page 17: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 17

FiltersFilters

Filter commands manipulate information.

Page 18: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 18

FiltersFiltersThree filter commands:

SORT FIND MORE

Page 19: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 19

FiltersFilters

Operating system creates temporary files while it

“filters” data.

Page 20: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 20

FiltersFilters

Operating system will not be able to execute filter commands on

write-protected disk.

Page 21: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 21

The SORT CommandThe SORT Command

SORT filter command: Arranges lines of input in

ascending order Sends output to standard output

unless redirected

Page 22: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 22

The SORT CommandThe SORT Command

SORT syntax:SORT [/R] [/+N] [/M kilobytes] [/L locale] [/REC recordbytes][[drive:] [path1] filename1] [/T [drive2:] [path2]] [O [drive3:][path3] filename3]

Note: full syntax in Appendix H

Page 23: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 23

Activity—Using SORTActivity—Using SORTFig 9.4 Filtering Data p. 448Fig 9.4 Filtering Data p. 448

Page 24: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 24

Activity—Using SORTActivity—Using SORT

KEY CONCEPTS: <F6> same as <Ctrl> + Z Numbers are numbers only when mathematical

operation performed on them Numbers often used as character data Character data sorted from left to right Numeric data sorted by units

Page 25: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 25

Activity—Using SORTActivity—Using SORT

KEY CONCEPTS: ASCII sort sequence order:

punctuation marks (including spaces) numbers letters (lowercase then uppercase)

Page 26: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 26

Activity—Using SORTActivity—Using SORT

KEY CONCEPTS: Sort sequence of BB, aa, #, 123, bb, 13, AA

# 123 13 aa AA bb BB Sort sequence of “Carolyn Smith and Robert

Nesler” Carolyn Smith Robert Nesler

Page 27: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 27

Activity—Using SORTActivity—Using SORT

KEY CONCEPTS: Can force OS to sort numbers correctly by

using spacebar to add space characters Using spaces forces lines to be same length -

placing number digits in proper position Left justify character data Right justify numeric data

Page 28: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 28

Filters and RedirectionFilters and Redirection

Can redirect both output and input of filter commands.

Filter commands not usually used with keyboard input.

Page 29: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 29

Activity—Using the SORT Activity—Using the SORT Command with RedirectionCommand with Redirection

KEY CONCEPTS: /R - sorts in reverse or descending

order /+n - sorts by column number

(character number) /O - stores sorted data in a file (faster

than redirection)

Page 30: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 30

Activity—Using the SORT Activity—Using the SORT Command with RedirectionCommand with Redirection

KEY CONCEPTS: In Windows XP Professional SORT does

not require < prior to file being sorted Column - On screen is place occupied by

one character Column number really means character

number + 17 - seventeenth position in list

Page 31: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 31

The FIND FilterThe FIND Filter

FIND filter command: Allows you to search a file for a specific

character string by enclosing it in quotation marks.

Page 32: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 32

The FIND FilterThe FIND Filter

FIND syntax:

FIND [/V] [/C] [/N] [/I]

[/OFF[LINE]]“string”[[drive:] [path] filename[ …]]

Page 33: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 33

The FIND FilterThe FIND Filter

FIND command is looking for exact match, therefore, is case sensitive unless /I parameter

is used.

Page 34: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 34

The FIND FilterThe FIND Filter

FIND command at command line can help find a file

based on content.

Page 35: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 35

Activity—Using the Activity—Using the FIND FilterFIND Filter

KEY CONCEPTS: With FIND must use double quotes Character string must be enclosed in

quotes FIND is case sensitive

Page 36: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 36

Activity—Using the Activity—Using the FIND FilterFIND Filter

KEY CONCEPTS: FIND parameters:

/I - ignores case /V - search a file for anything except what is in

quotes /N - finds specific line number of each

occurrence /C - numeric count of number of times specific

character string appears in a file

Page 37: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 37

PipesPipesPipes: Standard output of one program used

as standard input to next program Used with filter commands to further

refine data Not limited to two programs

Page 38: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 38

PipesPipes

Pipe symbol is the vertical broken bar | and is used between two commands.

Location of the pipe symbol is not standard.

Page 39: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 39

PipesPipesFig 9.5 Piping Commands p. 457Fig 9.5 Piping Commands p. 457

Page 40: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 40

PipesPipesFilter commands: External commands Read and write temporary files to

disk will not work if a disk is write-protected.

Page 41: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 41

PipesPipes

All files must be named - even temporary ones.

Page 42: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 42

The MORE FilterThe MORE Filter

MORE filter: Useful when reading long text file Returns to system prompt when

no more data in file Can be both redirected and used

with a pipe

Page 43: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 43

The MORE FilterThe MORE Filter

MORE syntax:

MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n]] < [drive:] [path] filename command-name | MORE [/E [/C] [/P] [/S] [Tn] [+n] MORE /E [/C] [/P] [/S] [/Tn] [+n] [files]

Page 44: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 44

The MORE FilterThe MORE FilterExtended features:

P n Display next n lines

S b Skip next n lines

F Display next file

Q Quit

= Show line number

? Show help line

<space> Display next page

<ret> Display next line

Page 45: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 45

Activity—Using the Activity—Using the MORE FilterMORE Filter

KEY CONCEPTS: Locate pipe signal Continued pressing of <Spacebar> will

return to system prompt With extended features pressing Q will break

command and return to system prompt Can connect several commands with pipes

and filters

Page 46: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 46

Activity—Using the Activity—Using the MORE FilterMORE Filter

KEY CONCEPTS: /P works only with DIR command /P not a valid TYPE parameter Records - lines of information in a data file MORE allows you to view file at a specified

line or record number /C parameter clears the screen before each

display

Page 47: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 47

Other Features of MOREOther Features of MORE

Bottom of the syntax diagram of MORE command: (Shown earlier)If extended features are enabled, the following commands are accepted at the –MORE– prompt:

P n Display next n linesS n Skip next n linesF Display next fileQ Quit= Show line number? Show help line<space> Display next page<ret> Display next line

Page 48: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 48

Other Features of MOREOther Features of MORE

Command prompt (default) enables shell extensions.

CMD /X - enables shell extensions.

CMD /Y - disables shell extensions.

Page 49: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 49

Other Features of MOREOther Features of MORE

Shell is the command interpreter used to pass commands to operating

system.

Page 50: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 50

Other Features of MOREOther Features of MORE

Commands that use shell extensions: DEL, COLOR, CD, MD, PROMPT, PUSHD,

POPD, SET, SETLOCAL, ENDLOCAL, IF, FOR, CALL, SHIFT, GOTO, STARTS, ASSOC, and FTYPE.

Command name with /? gives full details as to what can be done with command.

Page 51: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 51

Activity—Using the Extended Activity—Using the Extended Features of MOREFeatures of MORE

KEY CONCEPTS: Run remembers last command keyed in /X - ensures ability to use extensions to

commands With extensions enabled results of keying in

<Spacebar> of keying in <Enter> Key in /Q - exit MORE command and return

to system prompt

Page 52: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 52

Activity—Using the Extended Activity—Using the Extended Features of MOREFeatures of MORE

KEY CONCEPTS: Key in /P - stops MORE - can request

how many lines you want to display = sign - displays which line number

you are on S - asked how many lines you want to

skip in your display

Page 53: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 53

Combining Commands Combining Commands with Pipes and Filterswith Pipes and Filters

Use of pipe symbol: Join commands (output from one

command is input to next command)

Connect two or more programs and create a flow of data

Page 54: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 54

Combining Commands Combining Commands with Pipes and Filterswith Pipes and Filters

When pipe symbol is used, there must be a command on both sides of the actual symbol.

If redirection used with “pipeline”, command does not have to be on either side of > or >>.

Page 55: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 55

Combining Commands Combining Commands with Pipes and Filterswith Pipes and Filters

Redirecting output from a command is an “instead of” process.

Redirection becomes end of pipeline when you combine use of pipes and >.

Page 56: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 56

Activity—Combining Activity—Combining CommandsCommands

KEY CONCEPTS: Can search data to display only those

lines/records that meet your requirements If command sends output to screen can

redirect output Pipes

Must have command on either side of pipe Taking standard output of command and using it

as standard input to next command

Page 57: Ch 91 Pipes, Filters and Redirection. Ch 92 Overview Will use redirection to redirect standard input and standard output

Ch 9 57

Activity—Combining Activity—Combining CommandsCommands

KEY CONCEPTS: Redirection

An “instead of” action Only get one output place Output goes to last place it is directed to go

Primary use of pipes and filters is to manipulate standard output/input of commands

Pipes/filters rarely used to sort or find data in text or data files


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