ch. 9 cellular respiration food and drink provide a source of energy for your cells that is used to...
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Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration• Food and drink provide a source of
energy for your cells that is used to make ATP
• calorie – the amount of energy needed to raise one gram of water one °C
• Kilocalorie (on labels) – 1000 calories
• Food provides the building blocks for your cellular products (proteins, hormones, etc.)
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Overview of C. R.• Cellular respiration can be aerobic (with O2)
or anaerobic (without O2)
• Aerobic respiration has 3 steps:
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron
Transport Chain
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Equation for C. R. 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
• Oxygen and Glucose react or form carbon dioxide, water and ATP
• Other sugars, starch, fats and proteins can also be used as energy sources.
• Glucose is the simplest energy form
***Some energy released as heat
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Let’s review….• Write the reaction equation for cellular
respiration.
• What is the first step of C.R. called?
• Where does this step take place?
• What is broken down/What is formed?
• What is the net gain for ATP?
• Is oxygen needed?
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Glycolysis (splitting glucose)
• Occurs in the cytoplasm
• One glucose molecule split into two molecules of pyruvic acid
• Uses 2 ATP but makes 4 ATP.
• ATP net gain = _____
• Makes 2 NADH
• Does NOT require oxygen
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The Krebs Cycle• In the matrix of the mitochondria
• Pyruvic acid enters the cycle, where a series of enzyme-controlled reactions create NADH and FADH (energy carriers)
• Carbon dioxied (CO2) is a waste product
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The Electron Transport Chain
• H+ ions made in Krebs cycle build up outside the inner mitochondrial membrane
• The H+ ions are forced through ATP synthase making 3 ATPs for each turn
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E.T.C.• Oxygen is used as the final electron
acceptor
• H+ and oxygen combine to form water (a waste product)
• Without oxygen the process backs up and ATP can’t be made
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Summary of Cellular Respiration
• Glucose is split into _________________ in the cytoplasm
• In the mitochondria, the _____________ makes CO2 and NADH and FADH
• ___________________ makes ATP on the inner membrane of the mitochondria
• Oxygen and hydrogen make water
• Total – 36 ATPs made by aerobic resp.
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Anaerobic Respiration
• If your body uses energy very quickly, pyruvic acid can build up
• ATP is produced anaerobically by turning the pyruvic acid into lactic acid
• Lactic acid builds up in muscles and hurts!
• Intake of oxygen (heavy breathing) removes lactic acid from your muscles
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Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD+
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• Fermentation is a valuable anaerobic process used to make ATP by yeasts and bacteria
• Fermentation produces CO2 and ethyl alcohol as by-products
• Valuable in food/drink industry: yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, and others
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Pyruvic acid + NADH
alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
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• *Fermentation releases energy from food molecules by making ATP w/o oxygen