cellular respiration chapter 9. chemical energy and food energy source = food = atp a “calorie”...
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Cellular Respiration
Chapter 9
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Chemical Energy and Food
• Energy source = food = ATP
• A “calorie” is the unit for the amount of energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 gm of water 1 degree Celsius.
• 1 calorie gets you approx. 9000 ATP’s!
• Food you eat will be used for restoring ATP, lost as heat, waste or stored for later use.
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Where is this ATP produced in a cell?
MITOCHONDRIA
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Mitochondria
• Double membrane bound organelle.
• Inner membrane encloses a fluid-filled matrix.
• Folded cristae project into the matrix. Increases surface area
• Small circular DNA.
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Cellular Respiration Overview
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Glycolysis
• Occurs in the cytoplasm of cell.
• Anaerobic process
• Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of Pyruvic Acid.
• NADH is produced and carries the high energy electrons to the ETC (last step).
• Total ATP made are: 2
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Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Section 9-1
2 Pyruvic acid
Glycolysis
Animation
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Aerobic Respiration
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Krebs
Cycle
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Krebs Cycle
• Location: matrix of mitochondria.
• First, pyruvic acid is broken down into Acetyl Co-enzyme A.
• CO2 is produced (What happens to this?)
• Electron carriers produced: FADH2 and NADH.
• Net of 2 ATP are formed. (1 from each pyruvic acid from glycolysis)
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Section 9-2Krebs Cycle
NADH and FADH2 carry high energy electrons.
Those electrons will generate ATP in the next step: ETC!
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Electron Transport Chain• Location: cristae (inner membranes) of the
mitochondria.• The electron carriers (NADH and FADH2)
release their high energy electrons to carrier membrane proteins.
• H+ ions move through ATP Synthase channel to generate the ATP.
• Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the chain and combines with the H+ ions = H2O.
• Net total of 32 ATP.
Animation
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Section 9-2
Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement
ATP Production
ATP synthase
Channel
Inner Membrane
Matrix
Intermembrane Space
Mitochondrion
ETC
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GlucoseGlycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in NADH and
FADH2 Electron Transport
Chain
Mitochondrion
Aerobic Cellular Respiration: An Overview
How many ATP’s were made at each step?
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Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
Section 9-1
ANAEROBIC Pathway
AEROBIC Pathway
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What if NO OXYGEN is available?
Anaerobic RespirationFermentation!
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Krebs Cycle
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Anaerobic Respiration
• Occurs in just the cytoplasm of cell.• ANAEROBIC process.• Starts off with Glycolysis (same as Aerobic)• After glycolysis:
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation – pyruvic acid is turned into lactic acid. Bacteria produce dairy products with lactic acid.
2. Alcoholic Fermentation – Yeast cells produce CO2 and ethanol.
• Total ATP produced is: 2 (from glycolysis, not fermentation)
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Humans
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Why do photosynthesis and cell respiration need each other?