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INTRODUCTION

Civil Rights

Definition: Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory

treatment by government officials or individuals.

Racial Discrimination

Gender Discrimination

Discrimination based on age, disability, sexual orientation and other factors

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INTRODUCTION

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TWO CENTURIES OF STRUGGLE

Conceptions ofEquality

Equal opportunity

Equal results

Early American Views ofEquality

The Constitution and Inequality

14th Amendment: equal protection ofthe laws.

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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC

POLICYThe Era ofSlavery

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

The Civil War

The Thirteenth Amendment

The Era ofReconstruction and Resegregation

Jim Crow laws

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION,

AND PUBLIC POLICY

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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION,

AND PUBLIC POLICY

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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC

POLICYThe Era ofCivil Rights

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Court ordered integration and busing ofstudents

Civil Rights Act of1964

Made racial discrimination illegal in many areas

Created EEOC

Strengthened voting right legislation

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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION,

AND PUBLIC POLICY

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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC

POLICYGetting and Using the Right To Vote

Suffrage: The legal right to vote.

Fifteenth Amendment: Extended suffrage to African Americans

Poll Taxes: Small taxes levied on the right to vote.

White Primary: Only whites were allowed to vote in the party primaries.

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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC

POLICYGetting and Using the Right To Vote

Smith v. Allwright (1944): ended white primaries.

Twenty-fourth Amendment: Eliminated poll taxes for federal elections.

Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections (1966): no poll taxes at all.

Voting Rights Act of1965: Helped end formal and informal barriers to voting.

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RACE, THE CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC

POLICYOther Minority Groups

Native Americans

Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez(1978)

Hispanic Americans

Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund

Asian Americans

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

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WOMEN, THE CONSTITUTION, AND

PUBLIC POLICYThe Battlefor the Vote

Nineteenth Amendment: Extended suffrage to women in 1920.

The Doldrums: 1920-1960

Laws were designed to protect women, and protect men from competition with

women.

The Second Feminist Wave

Reed v. Reed (1971)

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,

CONSTITUTION, AND PUBLIC

POLICY

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WOMEN, THE CONSTITUTION, AND

PUBLIC POLICYThe Second Feminist Wave, continued

Craig v. Boren (1976)

Draft is not discriminatory

Women in the Workplace

WageDiscrimination and Comparable Worth

Women in the Military

Sexual Harassment

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NEWLY ACTIVE GROUPS UNDER THE

CIVIL RIGHTS UMBRELLACivil Rights and the Graying ofAmerica

Civil Rights and People With Disabilities

Americans with Disabilities Act of1990

Gay and Lesbian Rights

Bowers v. Hardwick(1986)

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

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AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

Definition:

A policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment ofmembers ofsome previously disadvantaged group.

A move towards equal results?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995)

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UNDERSTANDING CIVIL RIGHTS AND

PUBLIC POLICYCivil Rights and Democracy

Equality favors majority rule.

Suffrage gave many groups political power.

Civil Rights and the Scope ofGovernment

Civil rights laws increase the size ofgovernment.

Civil rights protect individuals.