Name: __________________________ Period: ______ Date: __________ Ch. 4 – Ancient Egypt and Kush – Review Sheet

Geography and Ancient Egypt

Why would some say that the Nile brought life to Egypt? _______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Egypt included two regions ________________________, also called ________________________ and ________________________, also called _________________________________ because of the Nile’s northerly flow.

Because the Nile runs through some rocky and hilly lands, it caused ______________________ or _________________________________________ to form.

­the first cataract marks the ____________________________________________

In Lower Egypt, the Nile divides into several branches that flow into the ________________________________. These branches formed a ___________________, or a ______________________________________________________________

Rising to power in Upper Egypt, who wanted to unify Upper and Lower Egypt? _________________________________________

Historians believe Menes to be the first _______________________________, or _______________________________________________________________________________

Menes also started Egypt’s first _______________________________, or _______________________________________________________________________________

The Old Kingdom Period

The first and second dynasties ruled Egypt for about four centuries; when the third dynasty rose to power, the ______________________________________began, which was ___________________________________________________________________________

In their political system, Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was both _________________________ and _________________________

Who was Khufu? ______________________________________________________________

Just below the pharaoh in Egyptian society were ____________________, or people from rich and powerful families.

Egyptians had a strong religious __________________, worshipping many ___________.

Much of Egyptian religion focused on the __________________________, or __________________________________________________

Egyptians believed that the body had to be prepared for the ___________________________ before it could be buried. So Egyptians would _______________________________ the body.

Only Egypt’s people of wealth and power, or ____________________________, could afford to be mummified.

The Great Pyramid of Khufu took more than 2 million limestone blocks to build. Historians still aren’t sure exactly how the Egyptians did it but they definitely used _______________________________, application of knowledge for practical purposes.

The Middle and New Kingdom Periods

What were two problems that occurred during the end of the Old Kingdom? 1. 2.

Eventually a powerful pharaoh named Mentuhotep II united all of Egypt. This period of order and stability is known as _____________________________________

How did the Hyksos defeat Egypt (what weapons did the Hyksos have that Egypt didn’t)?

What brought great wealth to Egypt during the New Kingdom? ________________________________________________________________________________

As the Egyptian empire expanded, so did paths followed by traders, known as _______________________________________.

What female ruler worked to increase Egyptian trade? __________________________

One of Egypt’s greatest battles was when _______________________________________ was ruling. The battle was against ______________________________________________

Shortly after the invasions of the Hittites and Sea Peoples, the New Kingdom ______________________________________________ and Egypt fell into a period of ________________________________________________________________

Egyptian Achievements

The Egyptian writing system is known as ___________________________, which was developed by the year ________________, making it one of the earliest languages.

Our modern word for “paper” comes from ______________________, which is a long­lasting, paper­like material made from reeds.

Sometime in the 300’s AD, the Egyptian language became “extinct”. In the year 1799, a French soldier named Jean François Champollion translated the _____________________________________, which had a story written in Egyptian _______________________________ as well as the ______________________ language.

Imaginary creatures with bodies of lions and the heads of other animals or humans are __________________________

A _________________________ is a tall, four­sided pillar that is pointed on top. The Washington Monument is a good example of this.

In 1922, an archaeologist named Howard Carter discovered the only known tomb of a pharaoh not already looted. The tomb of __________________________________ was filled with __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

Ancient Kush

A(n) _____________________________ is a system of people in different lands who trade goods.

Traders, known as ______________________________, carried goods to ports on the _____________________________ and ___________________________ seas.

Items sent out to other regions are ________________________ and goods brought in from other regions are ______________________.