Ch. 32 Latin America:Revolution and Reaction into the 21st

Century By: Roman Gonzalez,

Clark Lurot and Veronica Pasamante

Overview Latin America not as involved w/ WWII Cold war new revolutionary motives Latin America continues previous political

policies Bolivia, Guatemala, and Cuba experience

significant revolutions Latin America look into many solutions Social relations change over time

Latin America After WWII 1945: Latin American

countries dominated by authoritarian reformers

Getulio Vargas Brazil

Juan Peron Argentina› Peronism Dirty

War 1982: Argentina and

Britain

Mexico and the PRI

PRI: Party of the Institutionalized Revolution

1994-armed guerilla movement by Zapatistas

Mexican gov. joins NAFTA

2000- national election ends PRI

Vicente Fox becomes president

Radical Options in the 1950s

Desire to improve social and economic conditions

Revolution, democratic parties, Marxian Socialism

Radical solutions

Guatemala

Illiterate, poor health conditions, and high death rate

Juan Jose Arevalo› Spiritual socialism

Colonel Jacob Arbenz› US government

invades Low amount of

reforms› Violence and

instability

Cuba

Poor working and living conditions

US very involved Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro - opposed

Batista Government› Socialist regime

Broke off relations with US depended on Soviet Union

1960: Industrialization failed

The Search for Reform and the Military Option

Latin America tended to spur revolutions economic and social themes unchanged

Political stability to promote economic growth

Church as guide› Liberation theology

combined Catholic theology and socialist principles

Soldiers Take Power

Latin American military more professional

1964- Brazilian military overthrows president

1973- Chilean military overthrows socialist government

New regime› President controlled by

military› Violent opposition in

Argentina dirty war Policies affected working

class the most

New Democratic Trends

1980s: Governments return to civilian politicians

Argentina› 1983 elections

Brazil› 1989 elected first

president since takeover Peru

› Sendero Luminoso Nicaragua

› Sandinista Party removed

New Democratic Trends Cont’d

Panama› US involvement

Guatemala› 1996 civilian

government Huge amount of debt Commerce in drugs Well established

despite this

The United States and Latin America:Continuing Presence

After WWI US emerges as strongest power

Intervene greatly in Latin America

People resisted presence› Augusto Sandino

Direct intervention banana republic

Foreign interventions nationalist reaction

Good Neighbor Policy

Continuing Presence Cont’d

Alliance for Progress 1970s: Friendlier

relations with Latin America

1980s: Back to intervention

Most aid went to military left workers unprotected

Societies in Search of Change

Social and gender relations slowly change in Latin America

Sought to give Indian populations the right to vote

Women’s Roles

After WWI women remained inferior

Given right to vote Feminist organizations

brought change Prejudices limited political

influence Large numbers entered

the labor force Active politically 1990s: women had a

position similar to Western Europe

The Movement of People

Populations increased dramatically

Immigration to Latin America and internal immigration

Governments supply laborers illegal immigration

Politics major reason for migration

Rural to Urban Rapid rate of growth

Cultural Reflections of Despair and Hope

Family, gender roles, business, and social interaction influence life

Culture thrives through crafts, images, and music

Powerful realist novels

“Magical realism”