ch 3, sec 3: spain in america. conquistadors spanish soldiers heard stories of gold, power, and new...
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Ch 3, Sec 3: Spain in America
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Conquistadors• Spanish soldiers• Heard stories of gold, power, and new land• Inspired by the 3 G’s: Gold, God, and Glory• Explored the New World after Columbus
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How did Conquistadors get land?
• Got grants from the Spain’s rulers to explore and create new settlements
• Promised to give the crown 1/5th of all wealth discovered
• Good deal for both sides:– Conquistador got to explore– Spain did not have to fund the expedition
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Hernan Cortez• Landed in Mexico in 1519 (home of the
Aztecs)• Had 500 soldiers, horses, and cannon• Went to Tenochtitlan for gold• Formed alliances with Aztec enemies
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Aztecs
• Hated by most groups in Mexico• Forced others to pay tribute to them– Hand over gold, clothes, food, slaves
• Aztec behavior led to the other groups to help Cortes defeat the Aztecs
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Cortes goes to Tenochtitlan
• Welcomed by the king of the Aztecs-Montezuma
• Given a place to stay and anything that he wanted
• Took Montezuma prisoner
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Aztecs rebel
• Aztecs lost faith in Montezuma• Rebelled against Cortes-forced from Tenochtitlan• Montezuma tried to quiet the crowd and was
killed by thrown stones– Nobody knows who killed Montezuma
• Aztecs had freedom for a year until Cortes attacked/took over the group for good in 1521
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Francisco Pizarro
• Sailed down the Pacific Coast of South America
• Had 180 soldiers• Wanted to find/attack the Incan empire of
Peru
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Pizarro in Peru
• Attacked the Incas during their civil war in 1532
• Disease/war weakened the Incas• Pizarro was able to capture Atahualpa, Incan
king, easily• Killed Atahualpa after a year– Led to the downfall of the Incas
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Question
• How were the stories of Cortes and Pizarro similar to each other?
• How were they different?
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Why did Spain Succeed?• Weapons-guns, cannon, and armor• Horses and dogs• Alliances with tribes to fight the Aztecs• Disease-3.5 million Aztecs died from Small Pox
alone
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Juan Ponce de Leon
• First to explore North America (Florida 1513)• Wanted to find the Fountain of Youth• Founded St. Augustine, Florida as a fort
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Cabeza deVaca
• Led an expedition to Florida in 1528• Moved his expedition towards Mexico
(through modern day AL, MS, LA, and TX)• Storm sunk 3 of 5 boats and was forced to
land• Walked through Southwest U.S. for 5 years
and finally made it back to Mexico– Spread stories of 7 Cities of Cibola
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Effects of the stories of the 7 Cities of Cibola
• Inspired more explorers to go to North America
• Caused Southeastern coast to be explored• Increased new settlements• Hernando de Soto-explored the SE to the
Mississippi River• Francisco Coronado-explored the SW to
Kansas
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Settlements in the Americas
• Pueblos-towns• Missions-religious centers with a town, farm
land, and church• Presidio-fort
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Social Classes
• 1. Peninsulares-people born in Spain• 2. Creoles-people born in the New World
from two Spanish parents• 3. Mestizos-children of Spanish and Native
parents• 4. Native Americans• 5. Enslaved Africans
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Encomienda
• Given to conquistadors from the king/queen• The right to demand taxes/labor from Native
Americans on their land• Turned natives into slaves
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Bartolome de Las Casas• Spanish priest in the New World• Hated the abuse of natives• Spoke up for the natives• Got the New Laws passed-made slavery illegal
for natives
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Farmers create a Plantation System
• Sent tobacco/sugar back to Spain– Labor intensive
• Needed to create plantations for their crops– Used natives for labor first– Las Casas suggested using Africans instead
• Start of the African slave trade to the Americas