Ch 20: Kingdom Protista

Very diverse groupCatch all - membership is

determined mainly by exclusion from the other

kingdoms

Eukaryotes

all Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals or fungus

Mostly single celled, some multicelled, some colonial

Classified by the way they obtain nutrition

Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

Animal LikePlant LikeFungus Like

Autotrophic or Heterotrophic

Plant Like - AutrotrophsFungus Like - Heterotrophs

–obtain food by external digestion (decomposers or parasites)

Animal Like Protists

ProtozoansHeterotrophs4 Phyla divided by the way

they move

Zooflagellates

UnicellularSwim using flagella (1 or 2)Absorb food through cell membranesMost Reproduce asexually (Binary

Fission)

Zooflagellates

Include several parasites that cause human diseases

Examples: Giardia

SarcodinesUnicellularMove with Pseudopods

–temporary projections of cytoplasmFood vacuoles, EndocytosisReproduce asexually (BF)

Sarcodines

Examples: –Amoeba (A. Dysentery)–Foraminiferans & Radiolarians (calcium carbonate)

–Heliozoans (silica)

Amoeba

CiliatesUnicellularMove & feed with cilia Free living - not parasiticReproduce by conjugation (sexual - pg 500)Most numerous and diverse group

Ciliates

Example: Paramecium(Anatomy page 499)

Paramecium

Sporozoans UnicellularDo not move on their ownAll parasiticReproduce by means of sporozites -

sexual and asexual phases (pg 501)

Sporozoans

Example: Malaria –Plasmodium vivax

Plant Like Protists

7major phylas

Unicellular & Multicellular Algae

Plant Like Protists

Unicellular Algae4 major phylas

Base of the food chain(phytoplankton - Algae &

Protozoan)

EuglenophytesPlant like - has chloroplast, AutotrophicAnimal like - has 2 flagella, no cell walls

(pellicle), eye spot (reacts to light), can be heterotrophic in low light

Reproduces by BF

Euglenophytes

Euglena: page 506

DinoflagellatesHalf are photosynthetic, half are

heterotrophicHave 2 flagellaReproduce by BFMany are luminescent (fire plants - red tide)

ChrysophytesYellow-green & Golden brown algaeGold colored ChloroplastsCell walls with pectinStore food as oil rather than starch

Diatoms

Cell walls with siliconFit together like a petri dishRemains of the cell are used in

abrasives (diatomaceous earth)

Plant Like Protists

Multicellular Algae3 major phylas

Classified by pigments

Red AlgaeReddish accessory pigments Can live deeper in the ocean

than most other AlgaeComplex life cyclesExample: Irish Moss

Brown AlgaeBrown accessory pigmentsLargest, most complex algaeHave some specialized parts (Air

Bladders, Blades, Hold Fasts, Stipes)Example: Giant Kelp

Green Algae

Phylum ChlorophytaCellulose in cell wallsSome are UnicellularLive in both fresh water and salt water

Green AlgaeExample:

–Volvox–Spirogyra (colonial)–Sea lettuce (multicellular)

Fungus Like ProtistsHeterotrophicAbsorb nutrients from dead or decaying

organic matter2 groups

Slime MoldsHave a 3 stage life cycleShiny wet appearance, texture like gelatinExamples: Red Raspberry & Scrambled

Egg Slime Mold

Water MoldOomycotaThrive on dead or decaying organic material in waterAre plant parasites on landProduce Hyphae and zoosporangia

Water Mold

Life Cycle page 519Example:

–Phytophthora infestans (potato famine)

Diseases caused by AlgaeAfrican Sleeping SicknessGiardiaAmoebic DysenteryMalaria

Human Uses for AlgaeSeaweed, agar, alginThickeners for ice cream & salad

dressingplastics, waxes, deodorant