ch. 2, s1 p. 28-35 class notes the first people. scientists study remains prehistory- time before...
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Ch. 2, S1 p. 28-35 Class Notes
The First People
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Scientists Study Remains
• Prehistory- time before there was writing• Writing was invented c.
yrs. ago• Mary & Louis Leakey- famous archaeologists
who discovered bones in East Africa– an early ancestor of humans – a relative
who lived in the past
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• Donald Johanson- famous anthropologist found bones he named “Lucy”. – Female– Small– Walked on two legs
• KEY-- Ancient discoveries give us information, but not all scientists agree on what the information means!
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Hominids and Early Humans
• Homo habilis = “handy human”• Closely related to modern humans • Larger brain
• Homo erectus = “upright man”• Walked completely upright• Controlled fire started by lightning
– Cook food– Heat – Protection against animals
• Homo sapiens = “wise man”• Characteristics of modern humans- (we are this group)• Create fire• Developed language
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• Africa – where earliest known hominid bones found!
• Key-- Scientists do not know when or where first humans lived!
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Why Bipedalism?
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“Ignore him. He just walks that way to bug his parents.”
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• Stone Age:– Divided into periods– Divided into three periods– Divisions based on kinds of used at the time– Divisions based on kinds of tools usePart I = Paleolithic (pay-lee-uh-LI-thik) Era (many events)
Old Stone Age = - c. 10,000 yrs. ago- people used stone tools
Stone Age Tools
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• First tools = Choppers– Rocks with one jagged edged – Used to
• Cut, • Chop, • Scrape roots, bones, or meat
• Hand ax = Flint (usually)– Used to
• Break tree limbs• Dig• Cut animal hides
• Spear = Hand ax with wooden handle – Used to
• Throw and attack• Hunt larger animals
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Hunter-gatherer Societies
• Society = a community of people whocommon culture
• Society = a community of people who share a common culture
• Hunter-gatherers = people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
• Hunter-gatherers = people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
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“Anthropologists believe. . .”
• Why? . . . Live in groups?– Share . . .
• Shelter• Water• Food
• Who? . . . Hunted?• Who? . . . Gathered?
– Collected food– Child rearing
• Do you agree or disagree? Why?
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Language, Art, & Religion
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• Most important development of early Stone Age culture = language
• Most important development of early Stone Age culture = language
• Theories as to why language developed? – Group hunting– Form relationships– Distribute (divide among a group) food
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Another way people. . .
• . . . communicate . . . express themselves?
• ART art ART ART ART ART ART• ART ART art art ART ART ART
• CARVINGS: stone, ivory, bone, tattoos
• PAINTINGS: To teach? Religion? Fun?
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re·li·gion n.1. a. Belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe.
b. A personal or institutionalized system grounded in such belief and worship.2. The life or condition of a person in a religious order.3. A set of beliefs, values, and practices based on the teachings of a spiritual leader.4. A cause, principle, or activity pursued with zeal or conscientious devotion.
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Evidence of Early Religious Beliefs?
• Graves with food and artifacts
(You do not need to copy this, but you may. . .)• Why would archaeologists call this evidence of
religious beliefs?