ch. 16 sec. 5 “the tide of war turns” p. 536-543 · powerpoint notes. ch. 16 sec. 5 “the tide...
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CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543PowerPoint Notes
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville:
• Lincoln replaces McClellan with Gen. Burnside
• Decides to invade Richmond by way of Fredericksburg, 120,000 troops
• Difficulty crossing Rappahannock River, delayed
• Heavy casualties forced retreat
• Burnside steps down
• Replaced by Gen Joseph Hooker
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Chancellorsville:
• Hooker attacks Lee’s flank at Chancellorsville
• Hesitates, forms defensive position
• Lee attacks center, Jackson attacks Hooker’s flank
• Union cut in two, retreat
• Jackson accidentally shot by own men
• Loses left arm, dies of pneumonia a few days later
• Huge loss for Lee and South
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Battle of Gettysburg:• Lee invades North again, Pennsylvania
• 1st Day;
• Lee’s men searching for boots and supplies• Run into Meade’s cavalry
• Battle of Gettysburg;
• Union soldiers pushed back, take position on Cemetery Ridge and Culp’s Hill• Establish a defensive position
• Confederates camped at Seminary Ridge• Both call for reinforcements
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Battle of Gettysburg: (Cont.)
• Day 2;• Lee attacks left flank of Union line• Tries to take Little Round Top
• Heavy fighting, Union force Confederates to pull back
• Attacks on Cemetery Hill and Culp’s Hill had little success• Union still held strong defensive position• 75,000 v. 90,000
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Pickett’s Charge:
• Lee orders attack at center of Union line at Cemetery Ridge
• Union wouldn’t expect it, thought weakened lines would break
• Many under Lee warned against attack
• Gen. George Pickett w/ 15,000 men attacked center line
• Severe losses, torn apart
• Lee, “it’s my fault”
• Retreats back to Virginia
• Meade doesn’t follow, angers Lincoln
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Aftermath of Gettysburg:
• “Turning Point of the War”
• Lee couldn’t attack into North again
• Northerner’s believed now war could be won w/ victories at Vicksburg & Gettysburg
• Great Britain and France would not help South
• Gettysburg Address;
• Speech given by Lincoln to dedicate cemetery
• War was fought to preserve Union
• Referenced ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy:• Lincoln gives Grant command of Union forces
• Wilderness Campaign;
• Series of battles designed to capture Richmond
• Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor (South victory), Siege of Petersburg
• Union takes heavy casualties
• Could replace, South couldn’t
• Lee dug in south of Richmond at key railroad junction of Petersburg
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Sherman Strikes the South:
• Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman carries out plan to destroy Southern railroads and industries
• Goal;
• Take Atlanta, key railroad junction
• City fell, destroyed Sep. 2, 1864
• Helps Lincoln win re-election
• 2nd Goal;
• Take Savannah, waging total war
• Destroy civilian and economic resources
• Destroyed railways, bridges, crops, livestock, and other resources
• Hurt their ability to fight, 60 miles wide, 300 miles long
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• Fighting Ends:
• By April, Lee surrounded• Grant cuts off his escape• Low on supplies, hopeless
• April 9, 1865 Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox Courthouse, VA to discuss surrender• Generous terms;
• Troops would be fed, can keep horses, not tried for treason
• Grant, “The rebels are our countrymen again”
CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543
• The Effects of the War:
• 620,000 soldiers killed
• Slavery ended
• Former slaves, no jobs or homes
• Southern economy gone
• South destroyed
• Hard feelings remained