CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543PowerPoint Notes

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Fredericksburg & Chancellorsville:

• Lincoln replaces McClellan with Gen. Burnside

• Decides to invade Richmond by way of Fredericksburg, 120,000 troops

• Difficulty crossing Rappahannock River, delayed

• Heavy casualties forced retreat

• Burnside steps down

• Replaced by Gen Joseph Hooker

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Chancellorsville:

• Hooker attacks Lee’s flank at Chancellorsville

• Hesitates, forms defensive position

• Lee attacks center, Jackson attacks Hooker’s flank

• Union cut in two, retreat

• Jackson accidentally shot by own men

• Loses left arm, dies of pneumonia a few days later

• Huge loss for Lee and South

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Battle of Gettysburg:• Lee invades North again, Pennsylvania

• 1st Day;

• Lee’s men searching for boots and supplies• Run into Meade’s cavalry

• Battle of Gettysburg;

• Union soldiers pushed back, take position on Cemetery Ridge and Culp’s Hill• Establish a defensive position

• Confederates camped at Seminary Ridge• Both call for reinforcements

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Battle of Gettysburg: (Cont.)

• Day 2;• Lee attacks left flank of Union line• Tries to take Little Round Top

• Heavy fighting, Union force Confederates to pull back

• Attacks on Cemetery Hill and Culp’s Hill had little success• Union still held strong defensive position• 75,000 v. 90,000

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Pickett’s Charge:

• Lee orders attack at center of Union line at Cemetery Ridge

• Union wouldn’t expect it, thought weakened lines would break

• Many under Lee warned against attack

• Gen. George Pickett w/ 15,000 men attacked center line

• Severe losses, torn apart

• Lee, “it’s my fault”

• Retreats back to Virginia

• Meade doesn’t follow, angers Lincoln

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Aftermath of Gettysburg:

• “Turning Point of the War”

• Lee couldn’t attack into North again

• Northerner’s believed now war could be won w/ victories at Vicksburg & Gettysburg

• Great Britain and France would not help South

• Gettysburg Address;

• Speech given by Lincoln to dedicate cemetery

• War was fought to preserve Union

• Referenced ideals of liberty, equality, and democracy

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy:• Lincoln gives Grant command of Union forces

• Wilderness Campaign;

• Series of battles designed to capture Richmond

• Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor (South victory), Siege of Petersburg

• Union takes heavy casualties

• Could replace, South couldn’t

• Lee dug in south of Richmond at key railroad junction of Petersburg

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Sherman Strikes the South:

• Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman carries out plan to destroy Southern railroads and industries

• Goal;

• Take Atlanta, key railroad junction

• City fell, destroyed Sep. 2, 1864

• Helps Lincoln win re-election

• 2nd Goal;

• Take Savannah, waging total war

• Destroy civilian and economic resources

• Destroyed railways, bridges, crops, livestock, and other resources

• Hurt their ability to fight, 60 miles wide, 300 miles long

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• Fighting Ends:

• By April, Lee surrounded• Grant cuts off his escape• Low on supplies, hopeless

• April 9, 1865 Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox Courthouse, VA to discuss surrender• Generous terms;

• Troops would be fed, can keep horses, not tried for treason

• Grant, “The rebels are our countrymen again”

CH. 16 SEC. 5 “THE TIDE OF WAR TURNS” P. 536-543

• The Effects of the War:

• 620,000 soldiers killed

• Slavery ended

• Former slaves, no jobs or homes

• Southern economy gone

• South destroyed

• Hard feelings remained