Ch. 14 & 19 Notes“Classification and Intro. To Kingdoms”

A. Taxonomy-the science of naming and classifying organisms.

B. Our system of classification was developed by Swedish biologist named Carl Linnaeus.

C. He gave organism a specific name using binomial nomenclature-system of naming organisms using a 2 word name.◦ 1. The scientific name of an organism is made up

of its genus and species name. Ex: humans-Homo sapiens

Honeybee-Apis mellifera

I. Classification

2. Rules for writing the scientific name:A. Capitalize the genus name.B. Underline or italicize both namesC. Must be in Latin

D. Linnaeus grouped organisms into 7 categories based on similarities. Over time, these categories have been expanded to 8 categories:◦ Domain

Kingdom Phylum

Class Order

Family Genus

Species

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◦ E. Classifying organisms can help determine the phylogeny, or evolutionary history of an organism.

A. All living things are placed into one of 3 domains.◦ 1. domain Bacteria-prokaryotes, thought to be the

oldest.◦ Spirillia Bacillia Cocci

II. Introduction of the Kingdoms

◦ 2. domain Archaea-prokaryotes, contain may extreme bacteria

◦ 3. domain Eukarya-contains all four of the eukaryotic kingdoms.

B. All living things are placed into one of 6 kingdoms.◦ 1. Archaebacteria (domain Archaea) many live in

extreme environments such as hot springs, salty lakes, volcanoes; all are prokaryotes.

2. Eubacteria (domain Bacteria) all are prokaryotes.

3. Protista (domain Eukaryo) all are eukaryotes,

Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi ex: amoeba, euglena, algae.

4. Fungi (domain Eukaryo) all are eukaryotes and heterotrophic. Ex: yeasts, mushrooms, puffballs.

5. Plant (domain Eukarya) all are eukaryotes and autotrophic. Ex: trees, grasses, ferns

6. Animalia (domain Eukaryo) all are eukaryotes and heterotrophic. Ex: birds, fish insects