CHAPTER 13Korea, Vietnam, & Japan

VIETNAM

Invaded and occupied by Han Fiercely resisted Tangs, but succumbed

Rebelled sporadically Under Chinese control

Absorbed Chinese culture and technology Adopted Chinese agricultural methods and

irrigation systems Studied Confucian texts Mimicked Chinese administration Traded with Chinese Resented Chinese dominance, when Tang fell,

they won their independence

CHINESE IMPACT ON VIETNAM

Vietnamese model the Chinese administrative system and bureaucracy

Buddhism enters Vietnam (from both India and China)

JAPAN

Isolated Develop separate language from Chinese Shintoism – animistic religion, emphasizes

nature and spirits Interaction with China?

Tang never conquer them, but trade exists and Japanese emissaries visit China One of the Japanese clans actually models their court

off of the Tang’s

Mid 8th century Confucianism and Buddhism are established in Japan

Early capitals at Nara and Kyoto Fujiwara family – controlled power and

protected the emperor Emperor belonged to a family who was

believed to have ruled Japan since the beginning of time Even in turmoil, royal families/parties/factions

are thrown out, but the imperial house survived

HEIAN ERA

794 – 1185 Fujiwara family, power behind the throne at the

time Really liked Confucian learning and Chinese

classics, painting, poetry, interior decoration, etc

The Tale of Genji – written by a noblewoman!, Murasaki Shikibu Provides insight to the lives of the nobility Told by a lady-in-waiting Education of women wasn’t encouraged, but the

Fijuwara court prided itself on the sophistication of this piece, especially as it was written by a womana

GOVERNMENT

Fujiwara liked cultural pursuits Entrusted local gov’t issues and taxes to their

warriors Problem? Yes.

2 warrior families – Taira and Minamoto struggle Minamoto emerges 1185

Leader of Minamoto clan appoints a clan leader, the shogun

Shogun – military governor who rules in place of the emperor (near Tokyo, emperor still in Kyoto)

Minamoto dominate for the next 400 yrs

JAPANESE FEUDALISM

Bakufu (“tent”) – military gov’t, established by the Minamoto, lasts til 16th cent.

Feudal system develops Regional lords wield power and authority,

compete against each other for power Samurai – professional warriors Bushido – “the way of the warrior” (code of

conduct)

JAPANESE VERSUS EUROPEAN FEUDALISM

Western Europe has more written contracts, everything was negotiated, benefits outlined, loyalties, etc

Japanese rely on group and individual loyalties, agreed on by honor

Samurai granted land from the lords, but didn’t own it

Knights receive land, and could even become lords later in life In Japanese culture, the social division remains

clear

KOREA

Early civilization 2333 BCE Han had a colony in Korea

108 BCE – 313 CE Three Kingdom Period

Koguryo 37 BCE Paekche 18 BCE Silla 57 BCE

Unified Silla Dynasty 668 - 935 Koryo Dynasty 918-1392 Chosun (Yi) Dynasty 1392-

1910

Buddhism enters Korea around 372 CE Confucian school is founded in Koguryo

7th century, Tang armies conquer much of the peninsula (Silla preserve their capital)

Compromise: Chinese forces withdraw from Korea if the Silla king recognizes the Tang emperor as his overlord (become a tributary state)

Kingdom of Silla unifies by 668 CE (with Chinese help) by overcoming the Paekche, then the Koguryo

Regularly deliver gifts to Chinese emperors

Still have a great deal of independence

Opens the door for Korean merchants to trade in China

Silk Road runs all the way to Kyongju, the Silla capital

THE SILLA KINGDOM Celadon Korean woodblocks

Tripitaka Koreana 1087 1232 1398 - Haeinsa

Chikchi – 13th c. moveable type

SILK ROAD INTERACTION

All the way to Korea Cultural diffusion

evidence? btw… last stop

Kyongju

Cultural diffusion giveaways Lapis lazuli Glass Tin

THE CHOSON KINGDOM

1392-1912 Yi Clan of Chonju “Land of Morning

Calm” King Sejong (1418-

1450) Creates hangul for

the common man Encourages scientific

research