ch. 10 diagrams photosynthesis. (a) plants (b)multicellular alga (c)unicellular protists (d)...
TRANSCRIPT
Ch. 10 Diagrams
Photosynthesis
(a) Plants(b) Multicellular
alga
(c) Unicellularprotists
(d) Cyanobacteria
(e) Purple sulfurbacteria
10 m
1 m
40 m
Figure 10.2
Figure 10.4
Mesophyll
Leaf cross section
Chloroplasts Vein
Stomata
Chloroplast Mesophyllcell
CO2 O2
20 m
Outermembrane
IntermembranespaceInnermembrane
1 m
Thylakoidspace
ThylakoidGranumStroma
Equation for Photosynthesis
6 CO2 + 12 H2O + Light energy C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Light
LightReactions
CalvinCycle
Chloroplast
[CH2O](sugar)
ATP
NADPH
NADP
ADP
+ P i
H2O CO2
O2
Figure 10.6-4
Figure 10.7
Gammarays X-rays UV Infrared
Micro-waves
Radiowaves
Visible light
Shorter wavelength Longer wavelength
Lower energyHigher energy
380 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm
105 nm 103 nm 1 nm 103 nm 106 nm (109 nm) 103 m1 m
Chloroplast
LightReflectedlight
Absorbedlight
Transmittedlight
Granum
Figure 10.8
Figure 10.9
Whitelight
Refractingprism
Chlorophyllsolution
Photoelectrictube
Galvanometer
Slit moves topass lightof selectedwavelength.
Greenlight
High transmittance(low absorption):Chlorophyll absorbsvery little green light.
Bluelight
Low transmittance(high absorption):Chlorophyll absorbsmost blue light.
TECHNIQUE
(b) Action spectrum
(a) Absorptionspectra
Engelmann’sexperiment
(c)
Chloro-phyll a Chlorophyll b
Carotenoids
Wavelength of light (nm)
Ab
so
rpti
on
of
lig
ht
by
ch
loro
pla
st
pig
me
nts
Ra
te o
f p
ho
tos
yn
the
sis
(m
ea
su
red
by
O2
rele
as
e)
Aerobic bacteria
Filamentof alga
400 500 600 700
400 500 600 700
400 500 600 700
RESULTSFigure 10.10
Figure 10.13
(b) Structure of photosystem II(a) How a photosystem harvests light
Th
yla
ko
id m
em
bra
ne
Th
yla
ko
id m
em
bra
ne
PhotonPhotosystem STROMA
Light-harvestingcomplexes
Reaction-centercomplex
Primaryelectronacceptor
Transferof energy
Special pair ofchlorophyll amolecules
Pigmentmolecules
THYLAKOID SPACE(INTERIOR OF THYLAKOID)
Chlorophyll STROMA
Proteinsubunits THYLAKOID
SPACE
e
Figure 10.14-5
Cytochromecomplex
Primaryacceptor
Primaryacceptor
H2O
O2
2 H
+1/2
P680
Light
Pigmentmolecules
Photosystem II(PS II)
Photosystem I(PS I)
Pq
Pc
ATP
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
Electron transport chain
Electron
transport
chain
P700
Light
+ HNADP
NADPH
NADP
reductase
Fd
e
e
e
e
4
e
e
Figure 10.16
Photosystem I
Primaryacceptor
Cytochromecomplex
Fd
Pc
ATP
Primaryacceptor
Pq
Fd
NADPH
NADP
reductase
NADP
+ H
Photosystem II
Figure 10.18
STROMA(low H concentration)
STROMA(low H concentration)
THYLAKOID SPACE(high H concentration)
Light
Photosystem II
Cytochromecomplex Photosystem I
Light
NADP
reductase
NADP + H
ToCalvinCycle
ATPsynthase
Thylakoidmembrane
2
1
3
NADPH
Fd
Pc
Pq
4 H+
4 H++2 H+
H+
ADP+P i
ATP
1/2
H2OO2
Input
3 (Entering oneat a time)
CO2
Phase 1: Carbon fixation
Rubisco
3 P P
P6
Short-livedintermediate
3-Phosphoglycerate6
6 ADP
ATP
6 P P1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
CalvinCycle
6 NADPH
6 NADP
6 P i
6 P
Phase 2: Reduction
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(G3P)
P5G3P
ATP
3 ADP
Phase 3:Regeneration ofthe CO2 acceptor(RuBP)
3 P PRibulose bisphosphate
(RuBP)
1 PG3P
(a sugar)Output
Glucose andother organiccompounds
3
Figure 10.19-3
Figure 10.20
C4 leaf anatomy The C4 pathway
Photosyntheticcells of C4 plant leaf
Mesophyll cell
Bundle-sheathcell
Vein(vascular tissue)
Stoma
Mesophyll cell PEP carboxylase
CO2
Oxaloacetate (4C) PEP (3C)
Malate (4C)
Pyruvate (3C)
CO2
Bundle-sheathcell
CalvinCycle
Sugar
Vasculartissue
ADP
ATP
Sugarcane
Mesophyllcell
Bundle-sheathcell
C4 CO2
Organic acid
CO2
CalvinCycle
Sugar
(a) Spatial separation of steps (b) Temporal separation of steps
CO2
Organic acid
CO2
CalvinCycle
Sugar
Day
Night
CAM
Pineapple
CO2 incorporated(carbon fixation)
CO2 releasedto the Calvincycle
2
1
Figure 10.21
Light
LightReactions:
Photosystem IIElectron transport chain
Photosystem IElectron transport chain
NADP
ADP
+ P i
RuBP
ATP
NADPH
3-Phosphoglycerate
CalvinCycle
G3PStarch(storage)
Sucrose (export)
Chloroplast
H2O CO2
O2
Figure 10.22
Figure 10.UN02
Primaryacceptor
Primaryacceptor
Cytochromecomplex
NADP
reductase
Photosystem II
Photosystem IATP
Pq
Pc
Fd
NADP
+ H
NADPH
H2O
O2
Electron transport
chain
Electron transport
chain