PROTISTS

State Standards:

Protists

1) Microscopic, unicellular organisms that contain a nucleus (eukaryotes).

CHARACTERISTICS

Take in Oxygen through diffusion Can move like animals and react to

changes in the environment Can be Autotrophs (Plant-like) or

Heterotrophs (Animal-like or Fungus-like)

Cell membrane

Surround the cell and give it its’ shape

Unlike bacteria, there is no cell wall

Nuclear membrane

Surrounds and protects the nucleus

Chloroplasts

ONLY found in plant cells or cells that complete PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Make glucose for the cell by completing photosynthesis.

Mitochondria

Energy producers of the cell. This is where RESPIRATION takes place.

Contractile Vacuole

Excretes excess water from the cell.

Why does the protist take on water?

Protists

Reproduce through fission

AMOEBA Move by using a pseudopod, or false foot. It is an extension of the cell membrane.

3- Examples a) Amoeba

Pseudopod

Move by using Cilia- tiny hairs

PARAMECIUM

3- Examples b) Paramecium

Paramecia swimming amongst algae.

Paramecium showingits cilia

Cilia

Sporozoans

All are parasites Example =

Plasmodium – cause of Malaria

Plasmodium falciparum

Various stages of the most deadly form of Malaria – Plasmodium falciparum

Harmful Protists

Produce a nerve poison in shellfish that kills humans and fish in red tide

Cause diseases: Chaga’s disease, Malaria, (another video), toxoplasmosis, dysentary, Trypanosomaisis, Leishmaniasis, Toxoplasma, Cryptospiridium, (2), Leishmaniasis, Brain Amoeba, African Sleeping Sickness

PLANT-LIKE PROTISTS (ALGAE)

1) Are autotrophs, have chlorophyll and cell walls.

2) Most are plankton (live and float around in water).

Euglena – move by flagella or whip-like tail

Flagellum

Nucleus

Chloroplast

Euglena swimmingEuglena showing

flagellum & chloroplasts

Euglena

Flagellum

Chloroplast

a) Flagellum – whiplike tail

DIATOMS

Unicellular algae that come in many shapes & sizes

Diatoms Cell Wall is made of Silica (a glassy

substance)

Diatoms

Uses of diatoms: 1) Fiberglass

insulation

2) Some paints

3) Car polish

4) Toothpaste

Diatomaceous Earth

Fiberglass Insulation

a) Dinoflagellates

Flagella

Other Examples of Algae

Netrium

Spirogyra

Pediastrum (colony)

Volvox (colony)

Algal blooms

When nutrients get into the water (farm runoff, factory wastes, detergents, etc.) algae grow in great numbers.

Algae using up oxygen can cause fish kills

Algal bloomsRed tide – Bloom of microscopic

red algae (rhodophyta)

Fish Kill during red tide

Red tide washing up on shore

Red algae inwater

4- Slime Molds Fungus-like protists that resemble different

organisms throughout their life span (resemble an amoeba, a fungus with spores, and a flagellate).

4- Slime molds

Scrambled egg slime:Fuligo septica

Leocarpus fragilis(plasmodium)

Trichia decipiens

Leocarpus fragilis(fruiting bodies)

Protozoans

NucleusCell Membrane

Contractile VacuoleAMOEBA

Food Vacuole

Contractile Vacuole

Food Vacuole

Food vacuole withfood inside.

Endoplasm

Ectoplasm

Pseudopod

Pseudopodia Endoplasm pushes on

the ectoplasm Ectoplasm pushes on

cell membrane & forms a pseudopod.

Ectoplasm then becomes endoplasm.

Phagocytosis Use of vacuoles to bring in food.

Amoeba surrounding food (algae) with its pseudopodia

Pinnocytosis Use of vacuoles to bring in water

Vacuoles forming to bring in water

Contractile Vacuole

Food Vacuole

MacronucleusMicronucleus

Controls reproduction

PARAMECIUM

Macronucleus & Micronucleus

Micronucleus

Macronucleus

PARAMECIUM

Trichocyst-A “harpoon”

used in defense

Trichocysts

PARAMECIUM

Cilia

PARAMECIUM

Oral Groove

Gullet

Newly formed Food Vacuole

Anal Spot

How a Paramecium Eats

Food passes into the gullet A food vacuole forms at the end of the gullet Food vacuoles float in the cytoplasm

Cilia moves food toward the oral groove

Food vacuoleAt end of the

gullet

After food is digested, waste exits through the anal spot

AnalSpot

Oral Groove and Gullet

Oral Groove

Gullet

Oral Groove

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Mitochondria

Cytoplasm

Chloroplast

Flagellum

Pellicle

Tough cell membrane + proteins

Reservoir Eyespot

Used to detectlight

Stores excesswater

Euglena structures

Reservoir

Eyespot

CREDITS

http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=3432 http://search.msn.com/images/details.aspx?

q=contractile+vacuoles&color=both&size=1p&ht=324&wd=432&tht=96&twd=128&su=http%3a%2f%2fwww.csupomona.edu%2f%257Eghkageyama%2fpg%2fcontractvac%2fcontractvac10.htm&iu=http%3a%2f%2fwww.csupomona.edu%2f%257Eghkageyama%2fpg%2fcontractvac%2ffiles%2fcontractvac_05.jpg&tu=http%3a%2f%2fimages.picsearch.com%2fis%3f325572626578&sz=49

http://www.tnmanning.com/id150.htm