ch 1-3 environ management planning

8/3/2019 Ch 1-3 Environ Management Planning

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Environmental Management for Sustainability

Means of controlling or guiding human-environmentinteractions to protect and enhance human healthand welfare and environmental quality

Nature impacts humans (natural hazards)

Humans impact humans through the environment

(pollution)Humans deplete economic natural resources

Humans undermine natural systems and ecosystems


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Participants and Rolesin Environmental

Management


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Environmental Management:Reflection of Culture, Value, Ethics

How we manage the environment depends onhow we view the world and nature

Values: inherent beliefs, sense of worth or duty

Ethics: taking action, making choices based onvalues

Social movements are important sources of

cultural valuesEnvironmental movement(s) important influenceon how we manage the environment


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History of Environmental Movementsin the U.S.

Preservation Movement (1850s->) Conservation Movement (1890s->) Public Health Movement (1920s->) Environmental Protection Movement (1960s->) Industrial Ecology Movement (1980s->) Ecosystem Movement (1970s->) Global Environment Movement (1970s->) Environmental Justice Movement (1980s->)

Climate Protection Movement (1990s->) Green Building Movement (1990s->) Clean Energy Movement (2000s->) Green Economy Movement (2000s->) Sustainable Communities Movement (1990s->)


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Evolution of Environmentalism in U.S.


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World Views: Visions of ParadiseThe Optimist Look how far we have come as a civilization, imagine how far

we can go: Paradise is our destiny

The Concerned Optimist Although we have major problems, we have the capacity to

solve them: Paradise is within our grasp

The Hopeful Pessimist The challenges are great; any type ofParadise will require

major shifts in social consciousness & economic systems

The Pessimist If environmental catastrophes do not threaten our survival,

resulting social tensions will create continuous global securityproblems and regional wars: Paradise Lost

The Self-absorbed Global problems? Ive got my own problems to worry about.

Lets talk about MY Paradise!


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Worldviews in ColorThe Blues:

technological optimists, free marketeers, economicgrowth key to increase material well-being for all

The Reds: socialistic, bandit capitalism benefits minority at the

expense of the disadvantaged majority

The Greens: world as ecosystems; carrying capacity is operational

concept; often too romantic and precautionary

The Blue-Greens or Turqs: pragmatic Greens; more practical, problem-solving, risk-

taking, applying best science and technology

The Whites:

synthesists are optimistic about people and process tosolve our problems


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Colbys Paradigms of Environmental ManagementWe are evolving toward ED (not quite there) betweenFE and DE that are at opposite ends of the spectrum

time


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Paradigms of Environmental Management

Frontier Economics Infinite economic growth, very strong

anthropocentric, open access/free goods,neoclassical or Marxist economics

Deep Ecology Anti-growth, bio-centric, ecotopia

Environmental Protection Trade-offs, strong anthropocentric, business as

usual plus a treatment plant, legalize ecology

Resource Management Sustainability as constraint on growth, modified

anthropocentric, economize ecology, polluterpays

Ecodevelopment Co-develop humans and nature, eco-centric,


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Colbys Paradigms of Environmental ManagementWe are evolving toward ED (not quite there) betweenFE and DE that are at opposite ends of the spectrum

time


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Sustainability and Sustainable Development

While Sustainability has taken on an

environmental emphasis in recent years,Sustainable Development has broader objectives:

SD: the paths of economic, social, environmental,

and political progress that aim to meet the needsof today without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their needs

5 Es: Economy, Environment, and social Equity

(the three Es) plus Engagement and Eternity forpolitical participation and the future

Easier said than done..especially with whatconfronts us


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The Great Transformation to Global Sustainability

1. The demographic transition to a stable population

2. The technological transition to supplying human needsand desires with lower impact per person

3. The economic transition where growth in quality replacesgrowth in quantity while extreme poverty is alleviated

4. The social transition to less inequality

5. The institutional transition to more effectively managethe biosphere and cope with conflict

6. The informational transition in acquisition anddissemination of knowledge

7. The ideological transition to a worldview that combineslocal, sectarian, national and regional loyalties with aplanetary consciousness, a sense of solidarity with all human

beings and with all living things


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But the Sustainability Movement hasencountered opposition in the U.S. from Tea

Party and other conservative activists.

This is a good example of how worldview

affects how we manage the environment


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Tea Party Critique of Sustainable Development

Sustainable Development (SD) is a strategy to limit American power, restrict consumerspending, limit property rights, redistribute wealth, control reproductive rights, and in general

restricts freedom and liberty.SD (a.k.a. Agenda 21) is a United Nations led effort to promote a one-world government, limitthe US Constitution, and eliminate citizen control over local issues.

Agenda 21 consolidates power in the hands ofunelected bureaucrats and planners whohave a liberal bias/agenda.

The Precautionary Principle (Principle 15 of Agenda 21) violates the US Constitution

because it asserts that people are guilty until proven innocent.Community-based planning efforts get mired in attempts to balance the advice of experts andconflicting opinions and values. This planning-based approach to decision making will ruincapitalism and destroy markets because it ignores the entrepreneurship, individualism,competition, and independent actions that advance American businesses.

Sustainable Development is an attempt to disguise socialist wealth distribution polices.

Smart growth restricts property rights because it restricts people outside designatedgrowth areas from developing their property to the same extend as people inside growthareas. People with property outside the designated growth boundary are being robbed ofopportunity to generate wealth.

Environmental problems such as climate change, energy shortages, hazardous pollutants,and biodiversity decline are overstated.

Bruce Hullwww.Constructingsustainability.com


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Underlying Values that motivate Tea Party Concerns

1. Sustainable development is a socialist wealth redistribution

program.2. Sustainable development gives away local control and private

property rightsto experts from far away, including the federalgovernment and United Nations, that may not have our best

interests in mind and have done little of late to generate muchconfidence in their management skills.

3. Sustainable development elevates nature over humans, natureworship, and indoctrinates children with values inconsistent withChristianity.

4. Sustainable development is a deceptive and incremental strategyto bait communities onto a slippery slope toward big-governmentcontrol.

5. Sustainable development is an attempt to destroy American

Exceptionalism.Bruce Hullwww.Constructingsustainability.com


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Livability Initiative draws ire inPulaski CountyRoanoke TimesThe New River Valley Livability initiative uses a $1 million federal grant toplan for sustainability needs in the New River Valley to develop plans forhousing, energy use, cultural heritage, economic and job development.Local governments and groups have banded together for the study,including Pulaski County.

Hundreds turned out for the Pulaski County Board of Supervisors meetingMonday night to discuss the New River Valley Livability Initiative that attimes became charged with emotion, from cheers to jeers to name-calling.

"You keep talking about grants like it's free money, but it's our money,"said Debbie Mohay, an opponent of the initiative. "You know this yourself,

you don't get something for nothing," followed by a chorus of "amens"and a standing ovation.

"It always begins with nonbinding agreements," Mike Honaker said. "Thiswhole program is not America, it is social engineering."

"It will ruin this country," said Suzanne Walk, who compared the initiativewith the removal of Jews from their homes during the Holocaust.


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Can Planning help move societyto greater sustainability?

What is Planning?

Figuring out what to do and how to do it.

Creative problem solving.

Applying knowledge to action.


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Evolution of Planning in the U.S


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The CommunitySustainability PrismTensions occur between eachof the four objectives

(Godschalk, 2004)


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Four Planning Approaches

Rational-comprehensive planning

Scientific method

Incremental planning Science of muddling through

Participatory planning

Informing and involving stakeholders

Advocacy planning

Representing the underrepresented


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The Planning Process I

Inventory

What do we have?

Needs AssessmentWhat are our problems, objectives, priorities?

Formulating Strategies, Plans, Programs

What should we do?Implementation and Monitoring

Lets do it! (and learn from it)


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The Planning Process II

0. Scoping: what, who, how

1. IOC: Identification of Issues, Opportunities,Concerns, Objectives, Uncertainties

2. Analysis of Planning Situation

3. Formulation of Alternatives

4. Assessment of Impacts of Alternatives

5. Evaluation and Selection of Plan

6. Implementation, Monitoring, Evaluation,

Modification


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Interdisciplinary Aspects ofEnvironmental Planning I

Environmental science and engineering

How natural systems work, how technology can mitigateimpact, how information can inform decisions

Environmental economics Ecological economics tries to capture non-economic value

(use, option (existence, bequest, insurance)) but cannotreflect them all: e.g., endangered species, human life

Environmental evaluation If economics cant capture all environmental values, we

need other methods of evaluation: sum-of-weighted-factors and matrix comprehensive methods

ll f l


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Can Economics Capture all of our Values?

Welfare Economics: make decisions that lead to

some people being better off and no one beingworse offAchieve net benefits (Benefits Costs > 0)Problems of equity, uncertainty, time-value,

externalities and non-economic effectsWhat about value of aesthetics, species existence,human pain and suffering, human life???Ecological Economics: Heroic efforts to put

environmental values in economic dollars: e.g.,contingent valuation, functional costs, etc.Some values are economic, others we can put ineconomic terms, but others we cannot.


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Environmental EvaluationMeasuring environmental value

(e.g., of wetlands, forested habitats, agricultural land)with Partial Evaluation Methods

Sum of Weighted Factors


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Environmental EvaluationMaking choices among alternatives

with Comprehensive Evaluation Methods

Matrix Comparison


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The Role of the Planner

Planner as technician, analyst, information source

Planner as facilitator of public involvement

Planner as regulatorPlanner as negotiator, mediator

Planner as political advisor, as politician

Planner as designer, as visionaryPlanner as advocate


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Emerging Process Approachesto Environmental Planning

1. Science-basedsustainability analysis

2. Adaptive management or scientific learning

3. Collaborative planning, design, and decision-making or social learning

4. Seeking common solutions to multiple objectives

5. Link local action to both local needs and globalissues


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Collaborative and AdaptivePlanning and Management

We used to think planning was knowing nowwe know planning is learning

Social learning through collaborative planning

Scientific learning through adaptive planning andmanagement

Basis for ecosystem management, watershed

management, integrated resource management,negotiated agreements, civic environmentalism,community-based environmental protection


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Collaborative Planning

Traditional Public Participation:

tell us what you think and well decide

what to doCollaborative Planning:

lets talk about it and well all decide what

to do together


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Planning and the Vision Thing

Planning is about preparing for the future

Articulate the possibilities

Tools: comprehensive planning (50 yrs),

community visioning,

developing future scenariosScenario development

Storylines of possible futures


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Developing Scenarios:

1. Pose a key focus question about the future

2. Identify drivers or factors that will affect the

answer to that question

3. Prioritize, cluster and ultimately combine thedrivers into two critical uncertainties that serve as

the axes of a 2-by-2 scenario matrix

4. Develop scenario storylines describing the future

associated with each of the four pairs of drivers in

the four quadrants of the matrix

5. Label each quadrant scenario


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The Future of China Inc.

Emperor ofBusinessEmperorsNew Clothes

Emperor

of Asia Emperor ofthe World

http://www.gbn.com
http://www.gbn.com/http://www.gbn.com/


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Acting on Climate Change

North Valley Futures


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North Valley Futureshttp://www.greatvalley.org/valley_futures/stories/north/index.aspx
http://www.greatvalley.org/valley_futures/stories/north/index.aspxhttp://www.greatvalley.org/valley_futures/stories/north/index.aspx


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Storyline Scenarios

These stories are not predictions

Rather, they are challenging, coherent and

credible alternative scenariosThey are written with input of a broad cross-section of citizens, and are designed tohighlight the risks and opportunities involved

in decisions we make todayForewarned is forearmed!


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Virginia Tech Climate Action Commitment & Sustainability PlanPossible Future Scenarios for Virginia Tech Sustainability


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Forces of the Future

http://www.monitor.com/portals/0/monitormedia/videos/forces_of_the_future.h

tml
http://www.monitor.com/portals/0/monitormedia/videos/forces_of_the_future.htmlhttp://www.monitor.com/portals/0/monitormedia/videos/forces_of_the_future.htmlhttp://www.monitor.com/portals/0/monitormedia/videos/forces_of_the_future.htmlhttp://www.monitor.com/portals/0/monitormedia/videos/forces_of_the_future.htmlhttp://www.monitor.com/portals/0/monitormedia/videos/forces_of_the_future.htmlhttp://www.monitor.com/portals/0/monitormedia/videos/forces_of_the_future.html


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Visions for Tomorrow Advisory Board:Premises

The future can be better.Vision matters, and science fiction is a great way to express thatvision.Our visions are both about solving todays urgent problems andaspiring to even greater things.Most people want to do the right thing...we have a basic faith in our

fellow humans.We are not victims of circumstance ever more, we make our ownfuture.The power of individual creativity and empowering the individual isessential.Great leadership and healthy political institutions make individualempowerment possible.Markets and incentives can help to foster creativity and to spreadeffective innovations.Education, science, and technology are the foundations of progress.Sustainability and energy are at the top of our agenda for the future.


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Exploratory questions

1. Imagine that it is twenty years into the future and the world hasturned out badly. What went wrong?

2. Imagine that it is twenty years into the future and the world hasturned out well. What went right?

3. If you had an oracle in front of you now, what would you askhim/her?

4. What surprises do you suspect are lurking in the future that areoverlooked today?

5. If you were all-powerful, what five things would you doimmediately to address the challenges facing the world?

6. When people discuss your legacy at your retirement dinner, whatdo you hope they will say?

7. Why do you think the future stopped being cool and societybecame more cynical? What will it take to reinvigorate excitementabout the future?

Exploratory questions to help


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Exploratory questions to helpenvision the future

1. Imagine that it is twenty years into the future and the world hasturned out badly. What went wrong?

2. Imagine that it is twenty years into the future and the world hasturned out well. What went right?

3. If you had an oracle in front of you now, what would you askhim/her?

4. What surprises do you suspect are lurking in the future that areoverlooked today?

5. If you were all-powerful, what five things would you doimmediately to address the challenges facing the world?

6. When people discuss your legacy at your retirement dinner, whatdo you hope they will say?

7. Why do you think the future stopped being cool and societybecame more cynical? What will it take to reinvigorate excitementabout the future?


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Land Use & Climate Change

Our sprawling patterns of land use have created anautomobile and petroleum culture that is a majorsource of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We can mitigate GHG emissions through more efficient

patterns of land use and building and transportationtechnology

Our patterns of coastal and streamside developmentand water consumption make us vulnerable to theimpacts of climate change We need to anticipate the effects of climate change and

adapt to those changes with planning for alternative watersupply and for land use sensitive to more severe naturalhazards from extreme weather events and sea level rise.

The emerging field of Climate Action Planning

stresses both mitigation and adaptation.


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Land Use and Environmental

Protection

Land Use and Climate Change is crucial to future of

Land Use and Natural Hazards

Land Use Impacts on Human Environmental Health

Land Use Impacts on Hydrologic SystemsLand Use Impacts onAgricultural and Other ProductiveLand

Land Use Impacts on Ecological Resources

Land Use Impacts on Energy and Material Consumption,GHG and air pollutant emissions

and Energy has other Land Use effects


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Emerging Innovative Practices inEnvironmental Land Use Planning

Planning for green, healthy, safe, just, affordable,

livable, and sustainable communities

Comprehensive and strategic land use planning

Smart growth management

New Urbanism development designs

Climate action plans

Community-based environmental protection

Watershed management

Ecosystem management

ch 1-3 environ management planning

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