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COMPUTER GRAPHICSCS2405

LAB MANUAL

INDEX

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SN TITLE PAGE

1A

Line Drawing Using Bresenham Algorithm

1B Circle Drawing Using Bresenham Algorithm

1CEllipse Drawing Using Bresenham Algorithm

2 . Implementation of Line, Circle and ellipse Attributes

3 Two Dimensional Transformations

4

5 Cohen Sutherland 2D line clipping and Windowing

6

7. Three dimensional transformations

8

9

10

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SYLLABUS

COMPUTER GRAPHICS LABORATORY

CS2405

1. Implementation of Bresenhams Algorithm Line, Circle, Ellipse.

2. Implementation of Line, Circle and ellipse Attributes

3. !o "imensional transformations # ranslation, $otation, %caling, $eflection,

%hear.&. Composite 2" ransformations

'. Cohen %utherland 2" line clipping and (indo!ing

). %utherland *odgeman +olgon clipping Algorithm

-. hree dimensional transformations # ranslation, $otation, %caling

. Composite 3" transformations

/. "ra!ing three dimensional ob0ects and %cenes

1. enerating ractal images TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

LIST OF EQUIPMENTS:

14 urbo C

24 5isual C66 !ith 7+E8L

34 An 3" animation soft!are li9e 3"%:A;, :aa, Blender

LINE DRAWING USING BRESENHAM ALGORITHM

EX.NO: 1A

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DATE:

AIM:

To write a C program for Line Drawing Using Bresenham Algorithm.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1 : Start the program.

Step 2 : Declare the necessar !aria"les.

Step 3 : #nitiali$e the graph using d%& d& gd& gm.

Step 4 : Assign the !alues of %'& ' to %& respecti!el.

Step 5 : Similarl& a"solute !alues to d%& d.

Step 6 :put pi%el and set '( to pi%el position.

Step 7 : Using do)while loop& put e&%& !alues.

Step 8 * Stop the program.

ROGRAM:

+include,stdio.h-+include,conio.h-

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+include,dos.h-

+include,math.h-

+include,graphics.h-

!oid main/

0

float %&&%'&'&%2&2&d%&d&e1

int i&gdDETECT&gm1

clrscr/1

printf34n E5TE6 T7E 8ALUE 9: ;'*3/1

scanf3

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getch/1

OUTUT:

E5TE6 T7E 8ALUE 9: ;' * @@

E5TE6 T7E 8ALUE 9: >' * @@

E5TE6 T7E 8ALUE 9: ;2 A5D >2 * @@ @@

!IR!LE DRAWING USING BRESENHAM ALGORITHM

E". N# : 1B

D$te :

AIM:

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To write a C program for Circle Drawing Using Bresenham Algorithm.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1 : Start the program.

Step 2 : Declare the necessar !aria"les.

Step 3 : Create the function for Circle.

Step 4 : Enter the radius and center !alues.

Step 5 : #nitiali$e the graph with gd& gm and assign ,)radius.

Step 6 : Start the circle function and p,) ') radius.

Step 7 : ChecF the while loop until the condition is satisfied.

Step 8 : ChecF the if Gelse condition until the condition is satisfied .

Step % : Assign all operation for circle function and the !alues.

Step 1& : Stop the Hrogram.

ROGRAM:

+include,stdio.h-

+include,conio.h-

+include,graphics.h-

!oid circlefunint %center& int center&int %&int /1

!oid main/

0

int %@&radius&%center&center1

int &p&gdDETECT&gm1

clrscr/1

initgraph=gd&=gm&3 3/1

printf34n E5TE6 T7E ;CE5TE6 =>CE5TE6*3/1

scanf3

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while%,/

0

ifp,@/

%%'1

else

0

%%'1

)'1

ifp,@/

pp2?%'1

else

pp2?%)/'1

circlefun%center&center&%&/1

getch/1

!oid circlefunint %center&int center&int %&int /

0

putpi%el%center%&center&'/1

putpi%el%center)%&center&'/1

putpi%el%center%&center)&'/1

putpi%el%center)%&center)&'/1

putpi%el%center&center%&'/1

putpi%el%center)&center%&'/1

putpi%el%center&center)%&'/1

putpi%el%center)&center)%&'/1

OUTUT:

E5TE6 T7E ; CE5TE6 A5D > CE5TE6 * (@@ 2(@

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E5TE6 T7E 6AD#US * I@

RESULT:

Thus the a"o!e program JC#6CLE D6AW#5K US#5K B6EASE57AM is e%ecuted

successfull.

ELLISE DRAWING USING BRESENHAM ALGORITHM

E". N# : 1!

D$te :

AIM:

To write a C program for Circle Drawing Using Bresenham Algorithm.

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ALGORITHM:

Step '* Start the program.

Step 2* #nitiali$e the !aria"les.

Step * Call the initgraph/ function.

Step * Ket the initiali$e points H'&H2.

Step (* Ket the !alues of Co)9rdinates of the ellipse %&/.

Step * Enter the coordinates a&" of the ellipse .

Step I* Displa the output.

Step N* Stop the program

ROGRAM

+include,stdio.h-

+include,conio.h-

+include,graphics.h-

+include,math.h-

!oid disp/1

float %&1

int %c&c1

!oid main/

0

int gdDETECT&gm1

int a&"1

float p'&p21

clrscr/1

initgraph=gd&=gm&33/1

scanf3

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ifp',@/

p'p'2.@?"?"?%/"?"/1

else

0

))1

p'p'2.@?"?"?%/"?"/)2.@?a?a?/1

disp/1

%)%1

disp/1

%)%1

%a1

@1

disp/1

p2a?a/2.@?"?"?a/"?"/O1

while2.@?"?"?%/-2.@?a?a?//

0

1

ifp2-@/

p2p2a?a/)2.@?a?a?/1

else

0

%))1

p2p22.@?"?"?%/)2.@?a?a?/a?a/1

disp/1

)1

disp/1

)1

getch/1

closegraph/1

!oid disp/

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0

putpi%el%c%&c&'@/1

putpi%el%c)%&c&'@/1

putpi%el%c%&c)&'@/1

putpi%el%c%&c)&'@/1

INUT

Ellipse Drawing Algorithm

E'te( t)e *#+#(,-'$te

;c 2@@

>c 2@@

A '@@

B I@

OUTUT

Re/0t:

http://studentwebsite.blogspot.com/2009/10/ellipse-drawing-algorithm-in-c-program.htmlhttp://4.bp.blogspot.com/_Gmn-kEVg3hk/SciNd6U29yI/AAAAAAAAAYk/g20WQMLr8rg/s1600-h/Graphics+and+multimedia+Lab+Bresenhams++Ellipse+Drawing+Algorithm+c+program.JPGhttp://studentwebsite.blogspot.com/2009/10/ellipse-drawing-algorithm-in-c-program.html

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Thus using C program implementation of BresenhamPs algorithm for line& circle and

ellipse drawing is done.

TWO DIMENSIONAL TRANSORMATIONS

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Ex. No. : 3Date :

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AIM:

To write a C program for Two Dimensional Transformations.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program.

Step 2: Declare the necessar !aria"les and initiali$e the graph& gd& gm.

Step 3: Use do)while loop and declare the function clear de!ice.

Step 4: Create four cases translation& scaling & rotation and e%it.

Step 5: #n case ' enter the translation !alues and print the translation

o"Qect.

Step 6* #n case 2 enter the scaling !alues and print the scaling o"Qect.

Step 7: #n case enter the rotaion !alues and print rotation o"Qect.

Step 8: ClocFwise rotation and counter clocFwise rotation use the same

eRuation.

Step %: Stop the program.

ROGRAM:

+include,stdio.h-

+include,conio.h-

+include,graphics.h-

+include,math.h-

+include,stdli".h-

!oid main/

0

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int %&&c1

float a1

int gdDETECT&gm1

initgraph=gd&=gm&3 3/1

do

0

clearde!ice/1

printf3'.T6A5SLAT#95 2.SCAL#5K .69TAT#95

.E;#T3/1

printf34n E5TE6 >6 C79#CE*3/1

scanf3 8ALUE*3/1

scanf3

8ALUE*3/1

scanf3

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printf34n E5TE6 T7E A5KLE13/1

scanf3

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OUTUT:

'.T6A5SLAT#95 2. SCAL#5K . 69TAT#95 . E;#T

E5TE6 >9U6 9HT#95 * '

E5TE6 T7E T; A5D T> 8ALUE * '(@ '(@

96#K#5AL 9BECT T6A5SLAT#95 9BECT

'. T6A5SLAT#95 2.SCAL#5K . 69TAT#95 . E;#T

E5TE6 >9U6 9HT#95 * 2

E5TE6 >9U6 S; A5D S> 8ALUE * 2 2

'. T6A5SLAT#95 2.SCAL#5K . 69TAT#95 . E;#T

E5TE6 >9U6 9HT#95 *

E5TE6 T7E ; A5D > 8ALUE *'@@ '@@

E5TE6 T7E A5KLE *V@

C9U5TE6 CL9CW#SE

69TAT#95

96#K#5AL 9BECT CL9CW#SE 69TAT#95

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RESULT:

Thus the a"o!e programMTW9 D#E5S#95AL

T6A5S:96AT#95SM #s e%ecuted successfull.

!OHEN SUTHERLAND 2D LINE !LIING AND WINDOWINGE". N# : 5

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D$te :

AIM:

To implement cohen-sutherland 2d clippin and !indo!-"ie! port

mappin

!OHEN+SUTHERLAND 2D LINE !LIING

+include,stdio.h-

+include,conio.h-

+include,graphics.h-

+include,math.h-

float c%l&c%r&ct&c"1

codefloat &float/1

!oid clipfloat &float&float&float/1

!oid rectfloat &float&float&float/1main/

0

float %'&'&%2&21

int g@&d1

initgraph=g&=d&3c*44tc44"in3/1

sette%tstle'&@&'/1

outte%t%@&'(&3BE:96E CL#HH#5K3/1

printf34n Hlease Enter Left&Bottom&6ight&Top 9f Clip Window3/1

scanf3

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sette%tstle'&@&'/1

outte%t%@&'(&3A:TE6 CL#HH#5K3/1

clip%'&'&%2&2/1

getch/1

closegraph/1

!oid clipfloat %'&float '&float %2&float 2/

0

int c&c'&c21

float %&1

c'code%'&'/1

c2code%2&2/1

getch/1

whilec'@/c2@//

0

ifc'=c2/@/

goto out1

cc'1

ifc@/

cc21

ifc='/'/

0

'2)'/?c%l)%'/1

%c%l1

else

ifc=2/2/

0

'2)'/?c%l)%'/O%2)%'/1

%c%r1

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else

ifc=N/N/

0

%%'%2)%'/?c")'/O2)'/1

c"1

else

ifc=//

0

%%'%2)%'/?ct)'/O2)'/1

ct1

ifcc'/

0

%'%1

'1

c'code%&/1

else

0

%2%1

21

c2code%&/1

out*

rectc%l&c"&c%r&ct/1

line%'&'&%2&2/1

codefloat % &float /

0

int c@1if%,c%l/ c'1

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else

if%-c%r/ c21

else

if,c"/ ccN1

else

if-ct/ cc1

return c1

!oid rectfloat %l&float "&float %r&float t/

0

line%l&"&%r&"/1

line%r&"&%r&t/1

line%r&t&%l&t/1

line%l&t&%l&"/1

OUTUT

SAMLE INUT:

Hlease Enter Left & Bottom & 6ight & Top 9f The Clip window

2@@

2@@

@@

@@

Hlease Enter The Line Coordinates ;'& >'& ;2& >2/

'(@

@@@@

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(@

SAMLE OUTUT:

BE:96E CL#HH#5K

A#T$% C&'((')*+

W-',#-' T# -ep#(t M$pp-'

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+include,stdio.h-

+include,conio.h-

+include,graphics.h-

+include,math.h-

main/

0

float s%&s1

int w'&w2&w&w&%'&%2&%&%&'&2&&&!'&!2&!&!1

int gdDETECT&gm1

initgraph=gd&=gm&3c*44tc44"gi3/1

printf3Enter The Coordinate %'&'&%2&2&%&4n3/1

scanf3

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!2floorfloat/)w2/?s/.(/1

line%'&'&%2&2/1

line%2&2&%&/1

line%&&%'&'/1

getch/1

return @1

SAMLE INUT:

Enter The Coordinate %'&'&%2&2&%&

'@@

2@@

@@

@@

(@@

(@

SAMLE OUTUT:

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%esult +

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Ex. No. : 07Date :

27

TRANSLATION AND S!ALING USING 3D

AIM:

To write a C program for Translation and Scaling Using D ethod.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Start the program.

Step 2: Declare the necessar !aria"les& with mem"er functions.

Step 3: Create the main function& in that function to initiali$e graph using

do)while statement.

Step 4: Using Switch statement for translation& scaling& e%it.

Step 5: Using get function for getting the !alues.

Step 6: Similarl& get the draw function for draw the lines.

Step 7: Stop the program.

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ROGRAM:

+include,stdio.h-

+include,conio.h-

+include,graphics.h-

+include,math.h-

int n&dep1

float %X'@Y&X'@Y&n%X'@Y&nX'@Y1

!oid translation/1

!oid scaling/1

!oid rotation/1

!oid drawfloat %XY&float XY/1

!oid get/1

!oid main/

0

int gdDETECT&gm&i&ch1

initgraph=gd&=gm&3 3/1

get/1

do

0

clearde!ice/1

draw%&/1

printf34n '.T6A5SLAT#95 2.SCAL#5K .E;#T3/1

printf34n E5TE6 U6 C79#CE*3/1

scanf3

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case 2*

scaling/1

"reaF1

case *

closegraph/1

e%it@/1

getch/1

whilech/1

!oid get/

0

int i1

printf34n E5TE6 T7E 59.9: S#DES= DEHT7 9: T7E

H9L>K95*3/1

scanf3

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!oid translation/

0

int i&ch1

float t%&t1

draw%&/1

printf3E5TE6 T7E T6A5SLAT#95:ACT96 T; =T>

8ALUE*3/1

scanf3

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OUTUT:

E5TE6 T7E 59 9: S#DES = DEHT7 9: T7E H9L>K95 * '@

E5TE6 T7E C9)96D#5ATES *

E5TE6 T7E ;' A5D >' 8ALUES * 2@@ '@

E5TE6 T7E ;2 A5D >2 8ALUES * 2(@ '@

E5TE6 T7E ; A5D > 8ALUES * 2(@ @

E5TE6 T7E ; A5D > 8ALUES * 2@@ @

'. T6A5SLAT#95 2. SCAL#5K . E;#T

E5TE6 >9U6 C79#CE * '

E5TE6 T7E T6A5SLAT#95 :ACT96S T; A5D T> 8ALUES * '@@ @

'. T6A5SLAT#95 2. SCAL#5K . E;#T

E5TE6 >9U6 C79#CE * 2

E5TE6 T7E SCAL#5K :ACT96S S; A5D S> 8ALUES * 2 2

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RESULT:

Thus the a,o"e proram T%A)&AT'.) A)/CA&')* ')* 3/ 's eecuted successull

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