1. SUMMARYA compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also called as compact fluorescent light, energysaving light and compact fluorescent tube . It is a fluorescent lamp designed to replacean incandescent lamp, some types fit into logging fixtures formerly used forincandescent lamp. The lamp use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the spaceof an incandescent bulb and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp.Compared to general service incandescent lamps giving the same amount of visiblelight, CFL uses one - fifth to one third the electric power, and last for eight to fifteentimes longer. A CFL has a higher purchase price in electricity costs over the lampslifetime. Like all fluorescent lamps CFL contains mercury which complicates theirdisposal in many countries, government have established recycling schemes for CFLsand glass generally.CFLs radiats a spectral power distribution that is different from that of incandescentlamps, improved phosphorus for emulation have improved the perceived color of thelight emitted by CFLs are subjectively similar in color to standard incaincandescentlamps.CFLs typically have a rated service life of 6,000 to 15,000 hours, whereas standardincandescent lamps have a service life of 750 or 1000 hours. However the actuallifetime of lamps depends on many factors including operating voltage manufacturingdefects exposure to voltage spikes, mechanical shock, frequency of cycling on and offlamp orientation and ambient operating temperature among other factors.

2. INTRODUCTIONThe parent to the modern fluorescent lamp was invented in the late 1890s by PETERCOOPE HEWIT. The Cooper Hewit lamps were used for photographic studio andindustries.They are two type of CFLs : INTEGRATED and NONINTEGRATED LAMPSINTEGRATED LAMPS : Integrated lamps combine the tube and ballast in a singleunit. These lamp allows consumers to replace incandescent lamps easily with CFLs.Integrated CFLs work well in many standard incandescent light fixtures reducing thecost of converting to fluorescent.NON-INTEGRATED LAMPS :Non- integrated CFLs have the ballast permanentlyinstalled in the luminare and only the lamp bulb is usually changed at its end of life.Since the ballast are placed in the light fixture they are large and lasts longercompared to the integrated once, and they don't need to be replaced when the bulbreaches its end of life . Non- integrated CFL housings can be more expensive andsophisticated. They have two types of tubes, a bi-pin tube designed for conventionalballast and a quater-pin tube designed for an electronic ballast or a conventionalballast with an external starter which activities the need for external heating pin butcauses incompatible with electronic ballast.CFLs have two main component a magnetic or electronic ballast and a gas- filled tube(called bulbor burner). Replacement of magnetic ballast with electronic ballast hasremoved most of the flickering and slow starting traditionally with fluorescentlighting that allowed the development of smaller lamps directly interchargeable withmore sizes of incandescent bulbs. CFLs are produced for both alternating current (AC)and direct current (DC) input. DC CFLs are popular to use in recreational vehiclesand off the grid housing. There are various agency initiative in developing countriesto replace kerosene lamp which as associated health and safety hazard with CFLpowered by battery, solar panels or wind generatorsCFLs in solar powered street light uses solar panel mounted on the poles. Due topotential to reduce electric consumption and pollution various orgianization haveencouraged the adoption of CFLs and other efficient lighting. Effort range frompublicity to encourage awarness , to direct handouts of CFLs to the public. Someelectric utilities and local government has subsidized CFLs or provide them for free tocoustomer as a mean off reducing electric demand. CFLs are generally not foroutdoor and some will not start in cold weather when switched on.As of 2009 CFLs turn on in a second, but many still take time to achieve fullbrightness. The light color may be slightly different immediately after being turned on.Some CFLs ate manufactured as instant on and have no noticeable warmup period but 3. other can take up a minutes to reach full brightness or longer in very cold temperature.Some that uses a mercury take up to three minutes to reach full output. Thus theshorter period may make CFLs less suitable for applications such as motion activatedlight, hybrid lamps, combining a halogen lamp with a CFL are available whenwarmup time is unacceptable. The halogen lamp lights immediately and is switchedoff once the CFL has reached full brightness. 4. PROJECT DETAILS & PRODUCT CONCEPTSpectrum Of LightA photographs of various lamps illustrates the effect of color temperature difference.From left to right : Compact Fluorescent : General Electric,13W,6,500K;Incandescent Sylvania, 14W ,3,1000K.CFLs emits light from a mix of phosphors inside the bulb,each emitting one band ofcolor. Modern phosphors designs balance the emitted light color.,energy efficiencyand cost. Every extra phosphor added to the coating mix proves color rendering butdecrease efficiency and increase cost. Good quality consumer CFLs use three or fourphosphor to achive a "white light " with a color rendering index (CRI) of about80,where the maximum 100 represents the appearance of a color under daylight or ablack-body (depending on the correlated color temperature).Color temperature can be indicated in kelvin or miredy (1 mi llion divided by the colortemperature in kelvin). The color temperature of a light source is the temperature of ablack body that has a same chromaticity (i.e) of the light source. A notionaltemperature, the correlated color temperature of a black body which emits light of ahue which to human color perception most closely matches from the light from thelamp is assignedA true color temperature is characteristics of a black body radiation ; a floucrant lampmay approximate the radiation of a black body of a given temperature but will nothave identical spectrum. In particular,narrow band of whiter wavelength radiation areusually present even for lamps of low color temperature ("warm light ").As color temperature increase the shading of the white light changes from red toyellow to white to blue, Color means used for modern CFLs and other tri-phospherlamps vary between manus, unlike the standardized name with older halophosphateflu lamps. Foreg Sylvania,s day light CFLs have a core temperature of 3,500k, while 5. most other lamp called daylight have core temperature of atleast 5,000k.N A M E COLOR TEMPERATURE(K )(Mired)Wa rm Light3 0 0 03 3 3Bright Light3 5 0 02 8 6Core Light4 0 0 02 5 0Life SpanDa y LightCFLs typically have a ratedservice life of 6,000 to15,000 hours whereas standard incandescent lamps have service life of 750 to 1,000hours. However the actual lifetime of lamps depends on many factors includingoperating voltage manufacturing defects exposure to voltage spikes, mechanicalshock, frequency of cycling on and off lamp orientation and ambient operatingtemperature among other factors .The life of a CFL is significantly shorter if it is turned on and off frequently. In thecity 5 minutes on/off cycle the life span of some CFLs may be reduced to that ofincandescent light bulb. CFLs can be expected to produce 70-80% of their originallight output.Energy Efficiency5 0 0 02 0 0Because the eyes sensitively changes with the wavelength, the output of the lightcommonly measured in linens, a measure of the power of light as perceiver humaneyes. The luminous efficacy of lamps is the number of lumen produced watt ofelectrical power used. The luminous efficiency of a typical CFL is 50-70 per watt(1m/w) and that of a typical incandescent lamp is 10-17(1m/w) ,these lamps havelighting efficient of 7-10% for CFLs and 15-25%for incandescentBecause of their efficiency, CFLs uses between one-seventh and one-third of thepower equivalent to incandescent lamps. 50-70% of the world today lighting marketscale were incandescent in 2010. Replacing all inefficient lighting with CFLs.,itwould save 40 greta watt hours (TWh) per year, 25% of the world electricityconsumption. In US it is estimated that replacing all the incandescent would save80(TWh) yearly. Since CFLs use much less energy than incandescent lamp (ILS) ,aphase - out of ILS would result in less carbon dioxide (CO2) being emitted in to theatmosphere. Exchanging ILS for efficient CFLs on a global scale would achieveanyway CO2 reduction of 230 Mt (million tons) more than the combined yearly CO2 6. from Netherlands and PortugalIf the building is indoor incandescent lamps are replaced by CFLs then the heatproduced due to lighting is significantly reduced. In warm climate or in office or inindustrial buildings ,where air condition are often required, CFLs reduce the load onthe cooling system when compared to the use of incandescent lamps, resulting insavings of electricity in addition to the energy efficiency saving of the lampsthemselves. However in cooler climate in which building ,require heating the heatingsystem needs to be replace the reduced heat from the lighting fixtures. In WinnipegCanada it was estimated that CFL would only generate 17 percent savings inincandescent bulbs,as opposed to the 75 percent saving that could have been expectedwith out space heating considering.COSTWhile the purchase price of a CFL is typically 3-10 times greater than that of anequivalent incandescent lamp,a CFL last 8-15 times longer and uses two-three quarterless energy. Indian article stated "A household that invested Rs 15,000 over changing30 fixtures to CFLs would save Rs 26,972 to Rs 91953 over five-seven yeardepending on your cost of electricity. Look at your utility bill and it is 12 percentdiscount to estimated saving.RecyclingHealth and environmental concern about mercury have promoted many jurisdictionsto spent lamps to be properly disposed off or recycle, rather being included in thewaste stream send to landfills. Safe disposal requires storing the bulb in a safe placeunbroken until they can be processed.The first step of processing involves crushing the bulbs in a machine that havenegative pressure ventilation and a mercury absorbing filter or it is turned in tomercury vapors. Many municipality are purchasing such machines. The crushed glassand metal are stored in drum ready for shipping or recycling in factories.Green House GasesIn some place, such as Quebec and British Columbia central heating for home areprovided by the burning of natural gas., whereas electricity is primarily provided byhydro electric or nuclear power. In such area, heat generated by conventional lightbulbs significantly reduced the release of green house gas from the natural source.Ivanco, Karney and Waher estimated that "if all nones in Quebec were required tooswitch from incandescent bulb to CFLs their would be an increase in an airnoise of220,000 tonnes in CO2 emissions from more than 40,000 automobile "suchcalculations are based on the implementation assumption that changes in powerconsumption equally effect the electricity, gas in different types of power stations .The electricity generation mix is assumed to be unchanged. In this case of 7. hydroelectric and nuclear power stations,which is moved to produce as much electricenergy as possible independent of contamination changes in power consumption mayin reality affect the import/export volume and the amount of power generation inother region where fossil power plants are used.PROMOTERSM/s Phillips Electronic India Pvt. LtdMotorola Excellence Centre5th floor, 415/2. Mehauri GurgaonRoad, sector - 14. Gurgaon 12201Phone No : 0214 4091 900Fax No : 0124 4091 933Royal PhillipsRoyal Phillips of the Netherland is a diversified Health and Well-being company,focused on improving peoples lives through timely innovations . As a world leader inhealth care, lifestyle and lighting. Phillips integrates technology and design intopeople centric solution, based on fundamental customers insights and a brand promiseof sense and simplicityHeadquartered in the Netherland, phillips employees over 122,000 employees withsales and services in more than 100 countries world wide. With scales of EUR 22.6billion in 2011 the company is a market leader in cardiac care, acute care and homehealth care, energy efficient lighting solution and new lighting application as well aslifestyle products for personal well-being and pleasure with strong leadership positionin male shaving and grooming portable entertainment and oral health care.Phillips India Limited Phillips India Limited, a subsidiary of the Netherland basedRoyal Phillips is the leading health and well-being company. Today, Phillips is simpleand more focused company with global leadership positions in key market ofHealthcare, lighting and consumer lifestyle, addressing peoples. Health and wellbeingneeds and aspirations as its over arching theme .As one of the nations most wellknown and well loved brand, Phillips is practically a part of every Indians life. Withresent launch of Phillips Respironics products categories in instructive sleep apnesmanagement and home respiratory care, home decorative lighting range and ALUrang, Phillips find use in virtually every aspects of an daily life 247 at work, at home,on the move and rest. Phillips stand as source of easy to use, trendy and innovative 8. internationally acclaimed product with superior design and technology that enhancethe quality of consumers professional and personal lives Phillips has been operating inIndia over 75 years and employing over 4,500 employees around the country. Thecompany as an excellent pan India distribution and after sales service network.HAVELLSM/s Havells India LtdE-1 Sector 59 , Nodia 201307UP INDIA.Phone No: 0120 2477777Fax No: 0120 2477666Havells India Ltd is a billion dollars plus electrical equipment company found in 1958with product ranging from industrial & domestic circuit protection switch gear, cableswire, motor ,fan, power capacitor, compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) , luminaries fordomestic commercial & industrial application, modular switch covering household,commercial & industrial electrical need, water heater and domestic applicationHavells own global brands like Crabtree, Sylvania, Concord luminance and has 94branches and representative offices with 8000 professional in over 50 countries. As of2013, it has 12 manufacturing plants in India located in Haridwar, Baddi, Nodia,Faridabad, Ahwar, Neemranal and 6 manufacturing plants are located across Europe,Latin, America & Africa and with more than 20,000 distribution networkHavells India LimitedType - Public CompanyIndustry - Electrical equipmentFounded - 1958Founder(s) - Qimat Rai GuptaHeadquater - Nodia, IndiaKey people - Qimat Rai Gupta (founder)Rajesh Rai Gupta (chairman)Products - Electronic productsRevenue - INR 58.62 billion (US$ 930 million)Employees - 8,000 9. Division - Lighting Sector, Power Distribution sectorMANUFACTURING PROCESS & TECHNIQUEEarly lamps were laboriously assembled by hand. After automatic machinery wasdeveloped the cost of lamps fell.In manufacturing the glass bulb, a type of "ribbon machine" is used. A continuous ribbon ofglass is passed along a conveyor belt, heated in a furnace, and then blown by preciselyaligned air nozzles through holes in the conveyor belt into molds. Thus the glass bulbs arecreated. After the bulbs are blown, and cooled, they are cut off the ribbon machine; atypical machine of this sort produces 50,000 bulbs per hour. [64] The filament and itssupports are assembled on a glass stem, which is fused to the bulb. The air is pumped outof the bulb, and the evacuation tube in the stem press is sealed by a flame. The bulb is theninserted into the lamp base, and the whole assembly tested. 10. PLANT & MACHINERY REQUIREDCement MixerLeveraging on our immeasurable industry experience, we engaged in offering qualityrange of CFL light. High grade raw material is used in manufacturing process of theproducts which ensure superior quality and excellent performance. These areavailable in different wattage as per the demand of the client in market- lrading prices.Owing in these factories we have gained the position of a paramount manufacture andtrade in IndiaCFL Basing MachineWe offer high quality CFL Basing Machine. Being a client centric organization; wemade sure that the products offered by us comply with predefined industrial standard. 11. More over we can offer our machine in vertical technical specification to suit thediversified needs of clients. The technical expertise of our highly qualifiedengineering help us to incorporate the best engineerings standards in the offered rangeof productsCFL FittingOur client can ask us different types of CFL fittings. To keep place in growing marketcompetition, we manufacture CFL fitting in strict compliance with internationalquality standards, our production techniques are constantly reviewed for scope ofimprovement. Besides, we are blessed to have the support of adroit and assiduousengineers ; who make sure our products ate excellent in each aspect.Life Testing Rack for CFL CapsuleRack is having 40 no of heads and easily changes over for different wattage. This rackcan be used for Exhaust head portion testing alsoSutiable for 5,7,9,11,13,15,18,20,23&26 watt CFL capsule (wire lamp)Further, these tacks can also be designed as per demand and specification of theclients 12. CFL Making machineWe are highly dedicated towards the demand of the client for CFL Making Machine.These CFL Making Machine are made available by us in different specification tomeet the diverse requirements of the clients. Our CFL Making Machine are availablein different range and capacities and are widely used in manufacturing CFL lamps fordifferent specificationDifferent specification used in making CFL areDiameter : 11mm, 16mm, 26mm and 38mmWattage : 20watts, 40watts, 65watts and 80wattsColor : Warm white, White, Cool day light and other colorLOCATION & INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIRED 13. Royal Phillips of the Netherland is a diversified Health and We ll-being company,focused on improving peoples lives through timely innovations . As a world leader inhealth care, lifestyle and lighting. Phillips integrates technology and design intopeople centric solution, based on fundamental customers insights and a brand promiseof sense and simplicity Headquartered in the Netherland, phillips employees over122,000 employees with sales and services in more than 100 countries world wide.With scales of EUR 22.6 billion in 2011 the company is a market leader in card iaccare, acute care and home health care, energy efficient lighting solution and newlighting application as well as lifestyle products for personal well-being and pleasurewith strong leadership position in male shaving and grooming portable entertainmentand oral health care.Phillips India LimitedPhillips India Limited, a subsidiary of the Netherland based Royal Phillips is theleading health and well-being company. Today, Phillips is simple and more focusedcompany with global leadership positions in key market of Healthcare, lighting andconsumer lifestyle, addressing peoples. Health and wellbeing needs and aspirations asits over arching theme As one of the nations most well known and well loved brand,Phillips is practically a part of every Indians life. With resent launch of PhillipsRespironics products categories in instructive sleep apnes management and homerespiratory care, home decorative lighting range and ALU rang, Phillips find use invirtually every aspects of an individuals daily life 247 at work, at home, on the moveand rest. Phillips stand as source of easy to use, trendy and innovative internationallyacclaimed product with superior design and technology that enhance the quality ofconsumers professional and personal lives Phillips has been operating in India over 75years and employing over 4,500 employees around the country. The company as anexcellent pan India distribution and after sales service network .MAN POWER 14. By promotion environments and systems that enable employees to furtherdemonstrate their abilitys, Phillips is developing a greater number of professionalemployees with the aim of rasing productivity for the entire company. As part of theseeffort Phillips created a working group of employee of 10,000 and has been activelyencouraging their activities .In fiscal 2012, Phillips held education seminar for allgroups employees. These seminar provided a form for female employees to acquiremore of the skill they needed to realize their carrier ambition and practice moreeffective communications by better understanding their own and other mind set it wasincreased by 5 lack. Additional, phillips has been introduction female employees whoare active within the company on a section of its intranet entitled. Interviews withInspired Phillips Women to help female employees to gain insight into their career,female workers were about 3 thousands.From here phillips will continue actively andeffectively take action aimed at building a corporate culture that fully supports jobsatisfaction and carrier of women.RAW MATERIALSR.No.MATERIAL QUANTITY1 Capsule (Glass tube) 20002 PBT (Plastic Body) 10003 B22 Cap 25004 PCB 30005 Assembly Charges 50006 Spider & Dust Cap 5007 Electro Mechanical Part Like-T-yoke, Bore, Plate,Eyelets etc1508 Consumable 650Working Capital Required 15. Working capital is a financial metric which represent operating liquidity available to abusiness organization or other entity including government entity also with fixedascent such as plant and equipment working capital. Net working capital is calculatedas current assets minus current liabilities. It is a deprivation of working capital that iscommonly used in valuation techniques such as DCFs (Discounted Cash Flows). Ifcurrent ascent is less than current liabilities, an entity as a working capital deficiencyalso called working deficitWORKING CAPITAL = CURRENT ASSETS - CURRENT LIABILITIESCalculationCurrent assets and current liabilities include three account which ore of specialimportance. These account represents the area of business where manager has themost direct impact Account (receivable current assets) Inventor (current assets) Account Payable (current liabilities)MANAGEMENT OF WORKING CAPITAL 16. Guided by the criteria, management will use a combination of policies and techniquefor the management of working capital. The policies aim at managing the currentassets (generally cash and cash equivalent, inventories and debtors) and the shortterm financing, such that cash flows and returns are acceptableCash management : identify the cash balance which allows for the business to meetday to day expensive, but reduce cash holding costInventory management : identify the label of inventory which allows for uninterruptedproduction but reduced the investment in raw materialsDebtors management : identify the appropriate credit policy that is credit term whichwill attract customers, such that any impact on cash flows and the cash conversioncycle will be offset by increased revenueShort term financed identify the appropriate source of financing given the cashconservation cycle ; the inventory is ideally financed by the credit granted by thesuppliersMARKET SURVEY 17. Some 838 percent of survey response indicated their organization hires professionalCFLs, and of those 895 percent or 170 organization, have an annual budget of atleast$5000 for professional CFLs. Of those 170 organization., we asked a series ofquestion of their use of professional CFLs in general, across all their meeting to learnhow professional CFLs ate chosen, what impact they have on the meeting when theyappear, and what they cost the organizationProfessional CFL budgets between $5000 and $20,000 were most common reportedby 295 percent of respondents with more than $ 100,000 option with placing with189 percent. The $5000 - $20,000 range is more heavily favored by charitable orphilanthropic organization (75 percent) and educational institution (833 percent) thanthe other type of organization survived For organization with a narrow than nationalfocus, roughly half the budget fall in the $5,000 - 20,000 range (545 percent) but thatdrops to about to a quarter with nationally and internationally focused organization(217 and 250 percent respectively. Organization who measure, through assessmentor evaluation, whether learning occur at their meeting or more like to have aprofessional CFL budget of more than $100,000 than those who don't measurelearning (295 percent versus 176 percent).COST OF PROJECT AND SOURCE OF FINANCEFinance in project in india can be raised by the way of(A) Share Capital(B) Long - term borrowing(C) Short - term borrowingBoth share capital and long term borrowings are used yo finance fixed assets and themargin money required to obtain the bank borrowings for working capital. Workingcapital id financed mainly from bank borrowings and from unsecured loaned anddepositsSOURCE OF FINANCE 18. HSA investment assets reached an estimated $17 billion, up by 56% from the end of2011. The average investment account holder had an $8,918 average total balance Themajority of their reports were delivered at the year end Devenur HSA Market Survey.The wad carried out in January, 2013 and primarily consisted of the top 59 HSAProvider in the health saving market as data was requested on the period ending onDecember 31st, 2012Project Profit and Break Even Analysis(HOW PROFIT IS CALCULATED)Turn over (per year)Item QTY RATE VALUE (Rs)CFL ? ? ?Net Profit Per YearSale - Cost Of Production = RsNet Profit Ratio :- Net Profit Per Year 100Rate of Return:- Net Profit Per Year 100 = %Break - even (% age of total productionAnalysis envisaged)Fixed Costa) Depreciations (all types)b) Rent on Buildingc) Interest on Investmentsd) 40% of salaries & wagee) 40% of utilitiesTOTALNet Profit Per Year :- Total IncomeBreak-even Point (BEP) :- Fixed Cost 100Fixed cost + Net profit= ? 100= PROFITCONCLUSIONThe average rated life of CFL is between 8 to 15 times than that of incandescent.CFLs typically have a rated life span of between 6,000 and 15,000 hours, whereasincandescent lamp are usually manufactured yo have a life span of 750 hours or 1,000hours. For a given light output. CFLs use 20 to 30 percent of the power of equivalentincandescent lamps9-13 40 450 19. 13-15 60 80018-35 75 1,00023-40 100 1,60030-52 150 2,600This given an efficiency range of 17 to 21% of a theoretical ideal white light sourcegiving 357 linens per radiant watt for a tri-phosphor spectrum, while CFLs requiremore energy in maintaining than incandescent lamps this embodied energy is morethan offset by the fact that they last longer and less energy than equivalentincandescent lamps during lifespan. While the purchase price of an CFL is typically 3to 10 times greater than that of equivalent incandescent lamps. Cost of CFLs areextremely cost effective in commercial buildings when used to replace incandescentlamps. Thus CFL has got an enormous market potential