Estefania Suarez (:

Vannesa Sarmiento (:

Edward Heredia :)

Daniel Villamil (:

World Civilizations!

The Global Experience!

THE WEST & THE WORLD

Explorers from the Western Europe Hacked out empires in the Americas. America, Africa, Polynesia they were brought into the system for just first time, exchanges between civilizations became critical. That affect the political and cultural traditions of that civilizations.

In the Middle Ages, the people of the West were familiar with the luxury goods of Asia. European attempts to enter the world trade system suffered of ignorance of trade routes hesitancy to break the barrier presented by the Atlantic Ocean. The emergence of the Ottoman Empire and the supply of gold in the West, initial success is colonizing the Islands just off the Atlantic coast of Africa. But the technology did not accept more aggressive attempts to cross the open sea.

II. The West´s First Outreach: Maritime Power

PORTUGAL & SPAIN LEAD THE PACK

Henry the Navigator a Portuguese Prince. Initiated the first voyages of discovery along the Atlantic ocean during the fifteenth century. In the end of the century Portuguese sailors succeeded in sailing around the Cape of Good hope. In 1498 Vasco da Gama was the first captain to successfully reach India. Portuguese constructed a series of forts along the Atlantic coast of Africa.

Spanish colonial ventures began with the voyage of the Genoese captain Christopher Columbus in 1492. Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the tip of South America into the Pacific. Spain claimed the Philippines and most of the Americas.

NORTHERN EUROPEAN EXPEDITIONS

In the sixteenth century, Northern European nations became active in sponsoring voyages of discovery. The northern European nations concentrated on lands in the Americas north of the Spanish and Portuguese claims. The French explorers first reached Canada in 1534. England, in search of a northwest passage to Asia. Instead established colonies along the Atlantic Coast of North America.

Their merchants succeeded in displacing the Portuguese from Indonesia. The Dutch merchants established a small way station on the southern tip Africa. The Dutch and the British East India Companies received monopolies from their respective governments, but financed their activities from privately raised capital.

III. TOWARD A WORLD ECONOMY.

Introduction: Europe’s entry into the Atlantic and Pacific created and international exchange of goods. Created a new world-wide economy including Americas, and paved the way for the establishment of colonies.

THE “COLOMBIAN EXCHANGE” OF DISEASE AND FOOD!

The negative of the new trade of system is the dissemination of European disease. The indigenous people of these regions suffered massive populations. New World crops particularly corn and potatoes supported population growth in areas as diverse as China and Europe.

THE WEST´S COMMERCIAL OUTREACH

The ability of the West to dominate the seas allowed Western merchants to displace others from the world trade system. The control of the sea lanes improved Europe’s profits from trade. The dominance of the sea was the result of military and technological advances that made European navies more powerful. Initially, European merchants entered local trade networks through the establishment of enclaves in cities.

IMBALANCES IN WORLD TRADE!

Spain and Portugal the earliest of the colonizers, decline the competition of England, France and Holland. These nations exported manufactured goods in return for raw materials to expand their profit margins. Europe lay areas are economically depended on the world trade system. These regions produce commercial crops like: sugar, spices, tobacco, cotton, and slaves manufactured products of Europe.

A SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL INEQUALITY!

Some areas of the Americas and Africa managed to remain outside the world trade system for centuries and centuries.Involvement in the world trade system increasingly involved dependent regions in reliance on coercive labor.

The economy of America, Latin America, the Caribbean, and Southern British relied on the importation of African slaves. In Latino America also many indigenous people were brought into an state that was able to extract labor.

HOW MUCH WORLD IN THE WORLD ECONOMY?

East Asia largely remained outside the world trade system. China ignored European trade in favor of continuation of its traditional reliance. The Chinese kept the Europeans at arms length until the eighteenth century.

The seventh until the nineteenth century, Japans rulers maintained isolation except for the single Dutch enclave near Nagasaki. Much of Africa, with the exception of the slave trading kingdoms.

THE EXPANSIONIST TREND !

Over time the world trade continue to expand. Areas like Southeast Asia and India were brought into the system on a more complete basis in the eighteenth century. British and French East India Both companies regarded India as suitable for incorporation as a dependent region and a produce of cotton. In this fashion India was slowly introduced to the world trade system. Eastern Europe was drawn into the western European market system as a supplier of grain to feed the growing cities of the West.

IV. COLONIAL EXPANSION

INTRODUCTION: The western control of the seas permitted that the Europeans achieve dominance over a variety of cultures and people. Western leaders fostered colonialism as a means of creating controlled markets for manufactured goods.

THE AMERICAS: LOOSELY CONTROLLED COLONIES

Colonization of the Americas, Where Europeans enjoyed enormous technological advantages. A small expedition succeeded in conquering the Aztec Empire. In South America, the Spaniards defeat the Incas in 1531. Colonial administrations were established by small groups of adventures loosely controlled from the mother countries.

Aggressive conversions of Native Americans to Catholicism provided another layer of administration.

BRITISH AND FRENCH NORTH AMERICA: BACKWATER COLONIES.

The Colonies that more fully adopted Western institutions and culture were located in British and French North America. Although the southern British colonies, because they supplies less valuable raw materials than plantation colonies. Coercive labor system, and patterns similar to the Caribbean and Latin America.

The British colonies were closer to European models of government, religion, and political theory. Atlantic colonists remained abreast of European intellectual movements.

European immigration produced a corresponding Indian emigration to the plains. African culture was a characteristic that separated the colonies from the culture of the mother countries.

NORTH AMERICA AND WESTERN CIVILIZATION American households tended to be more child –

centered as a result of their dependence on young laborers. Even in rebellion, colonists after 1776 couched their resistance in European political theories.

Canada as a French colony, but the region was ceded to the British in the Treaty of Paris 1763. Relations between the original French colonists and new British settlers were strained.

Economic equality was greater in the colonies than in Europe. Greater density of population, a sense of political independence from the mother countries, and a sense of identity contributed to the colonial rebellion of 1776.

AFRICA AND ASIA: COASTAL TRADING STATIONS.

Dutch settlers fanning out from the trade station created the Cape Colony. In most cases the climate and the prevalence of disease caused Europeans to limit their interests in Africa until the nineteenth century.

Following the decline of the Mughal rulers, The close cooperation of the British East India Company with the English government.

British military influence soon extended to the island of Ceylon, as well. The administration operated through a series of alliances and agreements with indigenous rulers. Latin American drew more settlers form Spain and Portugal.

IMPACT AND WESTERN EUROPE.

European nations fought many wars over colonial possessions. The sugar production permitted its use to become widespread among all classes in Europe. Western colonialism had a more dramatic effect on Latin America, but even there indigenous cultures survived.

V. CONCLUSION: THE IMPACT OF A NEW WORLD ORDER.

The creation of a new world economy largely dominated by the West was a major shift in all History. The southern colonies of the American coast, and some others regions were establish into a system that make them superior from other colonies. The global economy created a new an extensive links among the civilizations. The emergence of the West from other civilization, creating a new World wide change.