cervical anatomy
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Anatomy of the Cervical SpinePhysician NamePhysician InstitutionDate
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Cervical Spine AnatomyPrimary functionMobility, support, and protection of spinal canal and neural structures
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Cervical Spine AnatomyVertebrae (7)Intervertebral discs (6) Pairs of exiting nerve roots (8)
Cervical lordosis Occ-C7 averages 40Most of the lordosis occurs at the C1-C2 segment
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Cervical Spine AnatomyApproximately 50% of flexion-extension motion occurs at occiput-C1Approximately 50% of rotation occurs at C1-C2Lesser amounts of flexion-extension, rotation, and lateral bending occur segmentally between C2-C7
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Cervical Spine Anatomy
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Cervical Spine AnatomyAtypical vertebral structure C1 (atlas)Vertebral canal/foramenAnterior arch Anterior tubercleTransverse processPosterior archTransverse foramen Lateral massSuperiorInferior
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Cervical Spine AnatomyOcciput-C1 segmentThe occiput-C1 joints are synovial joints comprising the convex occipital condyles, which articulate with the concave lateral masses of C1
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Cervical Spine AnatomyOcciput-C1 segmentMotion at the occiput-C1 segment is restricted primarily to flexion-extension due to bony structures, ligamentous constraints, and the absence of an intervertebral disc
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Cervical Spine AnatomyAtypical cervical vertebra C2 (axis)Odontoid process or densVertebral canal/foramen Facet jointsTransverse processTransverse foramen Bifid spinous processLaminaanterior viewposterior view
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Cervical Spine AnatomyThe odontoid process of the axis (C2) extends cranially to form the axis of rotation with atlas (C1)
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Cervical Spine AnatomyC1-C2 segmentThe primary motion at the C1-C2 joint is rotation
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Cervical Spine AnatomyC1-C2 segmentThe primary motion at the C1-C2 joint is rotation
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Cervical Spine AnatomyLigamentsThe cervical spine also features a complex arrangement of ligaments to supplement its structure and mobility
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Cervical Spine AnatomyLigamentsAnterior longitudinal ligamentPosterior longitudinal ligamentLigamentum flavumIntertransverse ligamentsInterspinous ligamentsLigamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine AnatomyLigamentsAnterior longitudinal ligamentPosterior longitudinal ligamentLigamentum flavumIntertransverse ligamentsInterspinous ligamentsLigamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine AnatomyLigamentsAnterior longitudinal ligamentPosterior longitudinal ligamentLigamentum flavumIntertransverse ligamentsInterspinous ligamentsLigamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine AnatomyLigamentsAnterior longitudinal ligamentPosterior longitudinal ligamentLigamentum flavumIntertransverse ligamentsInterspinous ligamentsLigamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine AnatomyLigamentsAnterior longitudinal ligamentPosterior longitudinal ligamentLigamentum flavumIntertransverse ligamentsInterspinous ligamentsLigamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine AnatomyLigamentsAnterior longitudinal ligamentPosterior longitudinal ligamentLigamentum flavumIntertransverse ligaments Interspinous ligamentsLigamentum nuchae
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Cervical Spine Anatomy Neural elements8 pair of cervical nervesExit the spinal canal superior to the vertebrae for which they are numberedC1 nerves exit the canal between Occ & C1C2 nerves exit the canal between C1 & C2C8 nerves exit the canal between C7 & T1
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Cervical Spine Anatomy ArteriesCarotid arteriesLocated anterior and bilateral to the spineVertebral arteriesEnter the transverse foramen at C6 and continue through C1
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Cervical Spine Anatomy VeinsJugular veinsLocated bilateral and anterior to the spine.Vertebral veinsLocated within the transverse foramen of C1-C7
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Cervical Spine AnatomyNeural and Circulatory Elements