1 supralaryngeal anatomy. 2 supportive framework facial skeleton mandible cervical vertebrae
TRANSCRIPT
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Supralaryngeal Anatomy
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Supportive Framework
• Facial Skeleton
• Mandible
• Cervical Vertebrae
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Skull• Composed of 22 irregular or flattened bones
• Joined together with sutures (immovable, fibrous)
• Principal sutures:– Sagittal– Coronal– Lambdoidal– Occipitomastoid
• 2 Main parts of skull:– Cranium (braincase)– Facial skeleton (forms framework for organs of
mastication)
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Bones of the Face• Mandible (1)
• Maxillae (1)
• Nasal Bones (2)
• Palatine Bones (2) & Nasal Conchae (2)
• Zygomatic Bones (2)
• Lacrimal Bones (2)
• Hyoid Bone (1) Total= 14
• Vomer (1)
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Bones of Cranial Skeleton
• Ethmoid Bone (1)
• Frontal Bone (1)
• Parietal Bones (2)
• Occipital Bone (1)
• Temporal Bones (2)
• Sphenoid Bone (1) Total= 8
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Frontal Bone
Skull
Nasal Bone
VomerMaxilla
Mandible
EthmoidPerpendicular
ProcessZygomatic
Bone
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Lateral SkullCoronal Suture
FrontalBone
ParietalBone
NasalBone
Maxilla
MandibleZygomatic
Arch
LambdoidalSuture
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Bones of The Facial Skeleton: Mandible
• Single Bone; U-Shaped
• Upper surface of a tooth bearing mandible is the alveolar arch– Dental alveolus (tooth socket)
• Angle of mandible approximates a right angle (90 degrees)
• Function for Speech: Houses the lower teeth and forms points of attachment for the tongue & other muscles
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Maxillae
• Maxillae are second largest bones in the face
• Paired bone, forms entire upper jaw &
contributes to the formation of the roof of the
mouth
• Articulates with 9 bones:
– Frontal, Ethmoid, Nasal Lacrimal, Zygomatic,
Palatine, Vomer, inferior nasal concha
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Nasal Bones
• Two small oblong plates of bones, forms bridge of nose
• Situated medially to the frontal process of the maxillae
• Articulate with frontal bone above & perpendicular plate of ethmoid
• Articulate with septal cartilage too
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Palatine Bones
• Located at the back of the nasal cavity
• Form the 3 cavities: – The floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity
– The roof of the mouth
– The floor of the orbital cavity
• Articulates with 6 bones: Palatine from opposite side, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Maxilla, Inferior nasal choncha & Vomer
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Lacrimal Bones
• Smallest of facial bones
• Forms part of the medial walls of the orbital cavity
• Each has an orbital and nasal surface
• Articulates with 4 bones: Frontal, Ethmoid, Maxilla & Inferior Nasal Choncha
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Zygomatic Bones
• Articulates with the frontal, sphenoid,
maxillary and temporal bones
• Contributes to the lateral wall and floor
of the orbital cavity
• Important muscles of articulation and
mastication attach to the zygomatic bone
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Vomer
• Inferior half of bony septum
• Unpaired, thin quadrilateral plate
• Articulates with maxillae & palatine bones inferiorly
• Perpendicular plate of ethmoid & rostrum superiorly
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Bones of Cranium• Ethmoid: Unpaired, contributes to facial skeleton,
articulates with 15 bones
• Frontal: Unpaired, forms anterior part of braincase, articulates with 12 bones
• Parietal: forms most of rounded roof of cranium, articulates with 5 bones
• Occipital: Unpaired, forms lower & back portions of cranium
• Temporal: Paired, forms lateral base & sides of braincase
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Bones of Cranium: Sphenoid
• The bone in the base of the skull forming the roof of the pharyngeal & nasal cavities
• Resembles a bat in flight– Greater & lesser wings
• Medial & lateral pterygoid plates– Hammulus of pterygoid
• Attaches jaw bone through pterygomandibular raphe• Serves as pulley for the tendon that stretches the soft
palate taught
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Sphenoid Bone
Lesser Wing ofSphenoid
Greater Wing ofSphenoid
Hammulus of thePterygoidPterygomandibular
Ligament
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Dentition• Housed within the alveoli of the maxilla &
mandible
• Provide mechanism for mastication & articulatory surfaces for many speech sounds
• Upper & lower dental arches contain same number of teeth
• Four types of teeth:– incisors– cuspids– bicuspids– molars
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Dentition• Teeth larger in upper arch
• Upper arch overlaps lower arch (normally)
• Five surfaces:– Medial- movement along arch to midline– Lateral-movement along arch away from midpoint– Mesial surface- surface “looking” along the arch
toward the midpoint between central incisors– Distal surface- Surface of any tooth that is farthest
from the midline point– Buccal surface- contact with cheek– Lingual surface- facing the tongue
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Mandibular Dental Arch
Central IncisorLateral Incisor
Cuspid1st Bicuspid
2nd Bicuspid1st Molar 2nd Molar3rd Molar
PalatineBone
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Dental Occlusion
• Process of brining the upper & lower teeth into contact
• Proper occlusion essential for successful mastication
• Bite down lightly and leave molars occluded, sets orientation of arch & occlusion
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Malocclusions
• Class I: First molar of the mandibular arch is one-half tooth advanced of the maxillary molar, upper incisors project beyond lower (overjet), Upper incisors naturally hide lower incisors (overbite)
• Class II: First mandibular molar are retracted at least one tooth from the maxillary molars (mandible retracted)
• Class III: First mandibular molar is advanced farther than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar (mandible protruded)
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Class IMalocclusion
Class IIMalocclusion
Class IIIMalocclusion
Malocclusions
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Reading/Assignments
• Seikel: Pgs. 261-299
• Dickson: Pgs. 179-194