CEMS Overview and Capabilities

Presentation for: CARB CEMS

Agenda

• Introduction to Thermo Fisher Scientific • Air Quality Instruments Group

• Instrument Manufacturer • Markets / Industries Served

• CEMS Basic Techniques and Technologies • Sampling Techniques • Principles of Gas Measurement • Communications

• CEMS Measurement Solutions • Traditional (Standard) CEMS

• Regulatory Review • Code of Federal Regulations • Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Update

• CEMS Specifications Basics

Industry / Markets

Industries Served

Power Generation Petrochemical Pulp & Paper

Waste Incineration Cement

CEMS Techniques and Technologies Overview

SamplingTechniques

Cold/Dry Full Extractive

Hot/Wet Full Extractive Dry Basis Dilution Extractive

Wet Basis Dilution Extractive

Full Extractive - Dry Basis

Moisture Removed by sample chiller

Typical Components Of CEMS

• Heated Probe extracts sample from stack/duct • Heat Trace Line to transport sample from probe to chiller (sample must remain

heated above gas dew points to stay in gaseous state)

• Chiller knocks out moisture prior to analyzer (heated sample is chilled to condense any moisture from sample prior to introduction to analyzer)

• Analyzer receives conditioned/dry gas sample from chiller to measure actual

NOX, CO, CO2, SO2 gas (O2 is used to correct actual gas emitted from stack)

• Additional dryers or filters may be required prior to the analyzers, these additional sample conditioning components are based on the application PLC to initiate calibration and communicate to DAHS

Full Extractive Sampling Probe – Sample Mode

HEATED FILTER ASSEMBLY PROBE BARREL

SAMPLE FLOW OUT

CAL GAS/PURGE INLET

Gas Analyzers

I Series

SO2, NOX, CO, CO2, N2O, THC, CH4/non-CH4 hydrocarbons, HCl, Hg, TRS, H2S

NOx/O2 Combo Analyzer CO/O2 Combo Analyzer SO2/O2 Combo Analyzer NDIR Multi-Gas Analyzer US EPA Designated Methods for

Ambient Parts Commonality across the iSeries

platform

Manufacture Instruments and Integrate Ambient & CEM Systems

HOW IS NOx MEASURED?

Reduction of NO2 to NO

3 NO2 + Mo 3NO + MoO3

A molybdenum catalyst (or high temperature (625 degrees C) SS converter for high level analyzers), heated to 325 degrees C, is used to Convert NO2 to NO

Chemiluminescence NO/NO2/NOx Analyzer

HOW IS NO MEASURED?

Chemiluminescence Technique

NO + O3 NO2* + O2 NO2* NO2 + hv Intensity of emitted light is proportional to NO concentration

Chemiluminescence NO/NO2/NOx Analyzer

Chemiluminescence Technique - NOx

PUMP CHAMBER

DRY AIR

FILTER

TEFLON PARTICULATE

FILTER

SAMPLE

CAPILLARY

C

NO

(NO MODE)

MODE SOLENOID

NO2 - NO CONVERTER (NOX MODE)

PRESSURE TRANSDUCER

FLOW SENSOR

NC ELECTRONICS

REACTION CHAMBER

PMT

OZONATOR CAPILLARY FLOW

SENSOR

FILTER

Gas Filter Correlation (NDIR) Technique - CO Analyzer

N2 gas CO gas

Detector & Pre-Amp Assembly

Pressure Sensor

Flow Sensor

Chopper Motor

Correlation Wheel

Chopper

Band-Pass Filter

IR Source

Multi-Pass Sample Cell

Sample Pump

Sample In

Infrared Basic Concepts

• Most molecules absorb infrared light • The patterns (spectra) of IR wavelengths absorbed are unique to each

molecule • The amount of light the molecule absorbs is proportional to its concentration • Examples of molecules that do not absorb IR light:

• Monatomic: He, Ne, Ar, etc…. • Homopolar diatomic: H2, N2, O2, etc….

• Therefore the concentration of compounds can be measured by the strength of their absorption patterns

PLC and DAS-Communications

• iSeries Analyzers • Analog and/or Digital I/O • TCP/IP and Modbus Standard

• PLC/Data Controllers (Data Logger) • Controls the CEMS functions such as probe blowback and CEMS calibration • Two way communication between CEMS and DCS or DAS • Standard is Allen Bradley • Have Integrated Modicon, Siemens, GE, etc.

• Data Acquisition and Reporting Systems (DAS) • Receives and stores all data from PLC/Data Controller • Manipulates data for all required reports to government agencies • We supply DAS of your choice • Standard is VIM Technologies • Others include ESC, GE/Enertech, CISCO, Spectrum, etc.

Compliance CEMS Sampling Technologies

•USA Regulations (Part 60 and 75) • Wet Basis Dilution Extractive • Cold/Dry Full Extractive • Analyzers for SO2, NOx, CO, CO2, Flow, Opacity, PM

CEMS, Etc.

Typical CEM System Rack

Process Control CEMS

Applications Include

SCR NOx Control FGD & Multi-Pollutant Control

CO2 Capture Boiler Control

Process Control Applications

• SCR NOx Control • NOx, NH3, CO2 or O2 CEMS Analyzers for Inlet/Outlet • Provide feedback for ammonia injection

• FGD and Multi-Pollutant Control • SO2 CEMS analyzers for FGD inlet/outlet • Mercury CEMS inlet/outlet (activated carbon injection efficiency) • SO3 / H2SO4 measurements

• Boiler Control • CO CEMS Analyzer or NDIR Multi-Gas • Optimize boiler operation and efficiency

• CO2 Capture • Employ combination of discrete CEMS analyzers and FTIR Multi-Gas • Measure compounds such as SO2, NOx, CO2, O2, NH3, H2O, Amines

Typical Power Plant – CEMS Monitoring Points

Furnace SCR

ESP Wet FGD

CEMS Monitoring Points

CEMS Monitoring Points

Air Permit Programs

• Preconstruction Permits (New Source Review Permits) • For new or modified sources • Goal is to not significantly degrade existing air quality • For more information, go to: http://www.epa.gov/nsr/

• Operating Permits (Title V Permits) • Most Title V permits issued by state and local agencies • From the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 • Will state specific emissions limits • Can require continuous emission monitoring and reporting • For more information, go to: http://www.epa.gov/air/oaqps/permits/

MACT Regulations Update

• Proposed Industrial Boiler MACT Rule • Draft Released April 20, 2010 (published in the Federal Register Juane 4, 2010) for industrial,

commercial, and institutional boilers (ICI) • Rule to be finalized in December 2010 • Applies to facilities emitting more than 10 tons per year (tpy) of any one HAP or 25 tpy of a

combination of HAPs • Compliance must be demonstrated annually and on a continuous basis • Sets emission limits for PM, HCl, Hg, CO, and dioxin/furan • EPA agreed to stay and reconsider the major source air toxics rule for boilers and the new source

performance standard to cut criteria pollutant emissions from commercial and industrial solid waste incineration units. EPA, however, did not stay the compliance date for the area source boiler air toxics rule effective May 20, 2011. The federal Administrative Procedure Act allows EPA to delay the effective date of the rule until judicial proceedings of these rules are completed or EPA completes its reconsideration, whichever is earlier. The notice was published as a final rule in the Federal Register on May 18th (76 FR 28662. http://www.epa.gov/airquality/combustion/actions.html#may11.

Original rule http://www.epa.gov/airquality/combustion/actions.html

• Utility MACT (Electrical Generating Units (EGU)) • EPA is required to issue a draft by March 2011 • Should look similar to the cement and boiler MACT, but with different emission limit34

CEMS Application Questionnaire

CEMS Application Questionnaire (Continued)

Thermo Scientific: Your Integrated Solutions Provider

Service and Spare Parts

Design Build

Project Management

Technical Support

Training

The Complete Solution