Celts and Iberians

• The first human groups lived from hunting, fishing and collecting roots and berries. They were hunter-gatherers.

• They made stone tools such as bifaces and spearheads, they also made bone tools like harpoons

• When the food was scarce they leave for other regions and for that reason they were nomads.

• They lived outdoors or built houses with tree branches and fur of animals - the tents. The fire was used for cooking and for warmth.

• In the winter they would take sheltering in caves.

• It was in the caves that primitive man made paintings, which often represented animals and hunting scenes.

Vale do rio Côa, Vila Nova de Foz Côa

Vale do rio Côa, Vila nova de Foz Côa

Gruta do Escoural ,Montemor-o-Novo

• Over time, the climate of theIberian Peninsula becamewarmer and drier.

• The man began to tame someanimals and cultivate thefields. The pastoralism and theagriculture emerged.

• Man was becoming sedentary.The first villages wereemerging and they weresurrounded by walls so thatcommunities could defendthemselves from wild animalsand enemy groups.

• The man also need to invent new tools to work the land, such as the hoe, the plow and the sickle.

• Also invented the basketry, the pottery and the weaving.

• To bury their own dead they built tombs with huge stones. They were called tapirs or dolmens.

Iberians, Celts and Celtiberians

• Other people were coming to the Iberian peninsula, the Iberians came from North Africa and the Celts from Central Europe.

• The Iberians lived on agriculture and pastoralism. It is thought that they were dark and of medium height.

• They knew how to work the copper and bronze.

• The Celts lived high in the mountains, in forts or citânias to better defend themselves from their enemies. They stood out on horseback fight.

• The Celts knew how to work iron and metal and were good goldsmith.

• The women adorned themselves with gold, as it can still be seen today in the traditional costumes of Minho.

Lusitanians

• Little by little, the Celtiberians were formed bymixing the Celts with the Iberians.

• They organized themselves in tribes (large groups offamilies under the command of a chief) that warredeach other.

• One of these tribes was the Lusitanians. They alsobuilt their villages high in the mountains. They livedmainly from pastoralism, although also practicedagriculture.

• The Lusitanians were a people of warriors, where women fought side by side with men.

• One of its great leaders was Viriato who heroically resisted the Roman invasion.