Cellular Toxicity of Carbon-based Nanomaterials

Nano Letters, 2006, 6 (6), pp 1121–1125

Electrical Engineering and Computer SciencesUniversity of California, Berkeley

Arnaud Magrez, Sandor Kasas, Valérie Salicio, Nathalie Pasquier, Jin Won Seo, Marco Celio, Stefan Catsicas, Beat Schwaller, and László Forró

Jaehyun ParkEE235 Student Presentation 2

May 4, 2009

May 4, 2009EE235 Student Presentation 2

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Discovery of Numerous NanomaterialsDiscovery of Numerous Nanomaterials • CBNs (Carbon-based nanomaterials) such as carbon nanotubes / carbon fib

ers / carbon nanoparticles • One of key elements in nanotechnology

Backgrounds

CBNs in Biological Applications CBNs in Biological Applications • Recently attracted much attention to DNA / proteins / drug delivery • Lack of information concerning the potential hazards to CBN exposure

In VitroIn Vitro Toxicity of CBNs on Lung Cells Toxicity of CBNs on Lung Cells • Lung : directly exposed after inhalation of contaminated air

– One of the first target organs of nanomaterials– Nanomaterials distribute in the whole respiratory tract

To provide Information about Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials fTo provide Information about Biocompatibility of Nanomaterials for or in vitroin vitro research research

May 4, 2009EE235 Student Presentation 2

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+ MWCNTs

Effect of CBNs on Cell ToxicityVarious aspect ratios of CBNsVarious aspect ratios of CBNs• MWCNTs (AR : 80-90) CNFs (AR : 30-40) Carbon black (AR : 1)

• Diluted in gelatin solution to avoid aggregation with 0.02µg/mL and 0.2 µg/mL

Proliferation Curve for 3 Different Lung Tumor Cells Proliferation Curve for 3 Different Lung Tumor Cells + Carbon black+ CNFs

• Shows similar behavior

• Two controls > Low concentration > High concentration

• Optical density ~ Number of cells

• H446 + CNFs showed the highest sensitivity and reproducibility

May 4, 2009EE235 Student Presentation 2

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Proliferation for H446 Cells with CBNs

Toxicity of various CBNsToxicity of various CBNs Dose-dependent toxicityDose-dependent toxicity

• Toxicity : Aspect ratio dependent Carbon black > CNFs > MWCNTs : Filaments were less toxic than particles

• Toxicity appeared within 1 day• Differences more pronounced for 5 days

• Toxicity ~ CBN dose

May 4, 2009EE235 Student Presentation 2

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Morphological Change

ControlControl

• Close cell-cell contacts• Polygonal-shaped

• Lost mutual attachments• Smaller & condensed nuclei• Cytoplasm retracted

With 0.02µg/mL of MWCNTWith 0.02µg/mL of MWCNT

• CBNs caused typical irreversible cell injuries and cell death• No specific morphological differences w.r.t. different CBNs

May 4, 2009EE235 Student Presentation 2

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Another Paper Supports Toxicity

Jia el al., Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials: single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, and fullerene, Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005), pp. 1378–1383.

Dose-Dependent Toxicity of CNTs in Alveolar Macrophage (AM)Dose-Dependent Toxicity of CNTs in Alveolar Macrophage (AM)

• Toxicity : SWNTs > MWNT > Fullerenes (C60)

May 4, 2009EE235 Student Presentation 2

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Summary / ConclusionNanomaterials MAY affect Toxicity of CellsNanomaterials MAY affect Toxicity of Cells• Depends on aspect ratio : Filaments were less toxic than particles• Depends on concentration : Higher concentration more toxic

Toxicity : Still DebatingToxicity : Still Debating• Some papers showed no clear correlation between the biological impact of nan

omaterials and their properties such as size, surface structure, crystalline phase, chemical composition, presence of metal trace impurities

– Soto et al., Acta Biomaterialia, 2007 / Pulskamp et al., Tox. Letters, 2007 etc

• Every condition leads to a different biological response• Different cell type would have different behavior• Nanomaterials not always fully characterized before and during the experimen

tConclusionConclusion• More research needed to get more information• Cell viability should be investigated carefully when the integration is needed