Cellular StructureCellular Structure

NucleusNucleus

The control The control center of the center of the cellcell

Nuclear MembraneNuclear Membrane

Separates the nucleus Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.from the cytoplasm.

Controls what enters Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus. or leaves the nucleus.

Has tiny openings Has tiny openings called pores.called pores.

NucleolusNucleolus

Makes ribosome's and Makes ribosome's and stores messages from stores messages from the chromatin for the chromatin for future use. future use.

Visible when cell is Visible when cell is not dividingnot dividing

Contains RNA for Contains RNA for protein manufactureprotein manufacture

ChromatinChromatin

Determines cell Determines cell activities and activities and carries on the carries on the hereditary traits hereditary traits of the cell. of the cell.

ChromosomesChromosomes - Usually in the form of - Usually in the form of chromatinchromatin

- - Contains genetic Contains genetic informationinformation- Composed of - Composed of DNADNA- Thicken for cellular - Thicken for cellular divisiondivision- Set number per species - Set number per species (i.e. 23 pairs for human)(i.e. 23 pairs for human)

CytoplasmCytoplasm

The watery fluid The watery fluid which contains which contains the materials the materials which enter the which enter the cell.cell.

OrganellesOrganelles

Little, tiny Little, tiny structures in the structures in the cell performing cell performing specific specific activities.activities.

MitochondriaMitochondria

The The “powerhouse” of “powerhouse” of the cell. the cell.

They create food They create food to obtain energy to obtain energy for cell activities. for cell activities.

The cristae greatly increase the inner The cristae greatly increase the inner membrane's surface area. It is on these membrane's surface area. It is on these

cristae that food (sugar) is combined cristae that food (sugar) is combined with oxygen to produce ATP - the with oxygen to produce ATP - the

primary energy source for the cell.primary energy source for the cell.

RibosomesRibosomes

Makes Makes proteins in the proteins in the cell. “Protein cell. “Protein factories”. factories”.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A system of canals A system of canals which transport which transport substances to the substances to the inside of the cell.inside of the cell.

It is also a chemical It is also a chemical producer. producer.

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

Package Package proteins for proteins for storage and storage and secretion from secretion from the cell.the cell.

Creates Creates lysosomeslysosomes

LysosomesLysosomes

Digest worn out Digest worn out or unneeded cells or unneeded cells and cell parts. and cell parts. Encloses the Encloses the materials and materials and bacteria in food bacteria in food vacuoles. vacuoles.

CentriolesCentrioles

Paired structures Paired structures in animal cells in animal cells which help in cell which help in cell divisiondivision. .

Only visible in Only visible in animal cells, still animal cells, still in plant cells, but in plant cells, but you can’t see you can’t see them.them.

     

            

 

VacuoleVacuole

Stores food, Stores food, water, and water, and wastes. Much wastes. Much bigger in plant bigger in plant cellscells..

                 

 

Plastids (Chloroplasts)Plastids (Chloroplasts)

Found only in Found only in plant cells. plant cells. Absorbs sunlight Absorbs sunlight in the process of in the process of photosynthesis. photosynthesis.

         

Cell MembraneCell Membrane Controls what enters Controls what enters

and leaves the cell. It and leaves the cell. It contains the cell contains the cell contents and protects contents and protects the cell. the cell.

composed of lipids composed of lipids hydrophobic lipid ends hydrophobic lipid ends

facing inward and the facing inward and the hydrophilic phosphate hydrophilic phosphate ends facing outward. ends facing outward. Also called Also called lipid lipid bilayer.bilayer.

Cell WallCell Wall

Thick, outer wall Thick, outer wall surrounding surrounding plant cells. plant cells. Helps support Helps support and protect the and protect the plant cell.plant cell.

         

Specialized StructuresSpecialized Structures

Cilia and flagella are often present on Cilia and flagella are often present on cells that provide locomotion. cells that provide locomotion.

                              

MicrotubulesMicrotubules

Provide shape and movement through the Provide shape and movement through the cytoplasmcytoplasm

Specialized Organelles found in Specialized Organelles found in PlantsPlants

PlastidPlastid :Found in plants :Found in plantsStores food or pigmentsStores food or pigments

Cell WallCell Wall: Found in plants: Found in plantso Supports and protects the cello Supports and protects the cell

VacuoleVacuole: Much : Much largerlarger in plant cells. Stores in plant cells. Stores enzymes and waste products enzymes and waste products

Specialized Organelles only found in Specialized Organelles only found in animal or protist (unicellular animal or protist (unicellular

organisms –fungi) cellsorganisms –fungi) cells

CentrioleCentriole: Found in animal cells and some : Found in animal cells and some protists. Protein fibers that aid in cell protists. Protein fibers that aid in cell division division

CiliaCilia: Hair-like microtubules attached to the : Hair-like microtubules attached to the plasma membrane that often help in plasma membrane that often help in

movement movement