maureen maher tatiana patton. liver cell hepatocyte is known as the liver cell, making up 80% of the...
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HGH in Conjunction with IGF: Liver Cell
Maureen MaherTatiana Patton
LIVER CELL
Click icon to add pictureHepatocyte is known as the liver cell, making up 80% of the liver.
Round
Contains a nucleus
Cellular organelles associated with metabolic and secretory functions.
ER, smooth and rough, and golgi apparatus for secretory purposes.
High number of mitochondria to provide energy to support activity.
Liver
Digest fats Store nutrients reserves Filter poisons and wastes from blood Synthesize variety of proteins Regulate levels of several chemicals
from bloodstream
The Liver-Endocrine System
Besides the organs known as “Endocrine”, there are non-endocrine
organs that create endocrine hormones as well.
Example: Liver
The liver creates three different endocrine hormones.
Angiotensinogen, Thrombopoietin, and Insulin like Growth Factor
The Endocrine System
Composed of glands that produce hormones that regulate growth,
metabolism, sexual development, and function.
Hormones are “chemical messengers” released into the blood streams
The Endocrine System
Insulin growth is controlled overall by the endocrine system, which sends
out messengers throughout the whole body.
Hormones regulates growth, glucose metabolism, body temperature, etc. It is released and can changes the target cells’ actions while traveling through
the circulatory system.
Liver, HGH, & IGF
The human growth hormone (HGH) is sent from the pituitary gland and sent into the bloodstream. It then
stimulates in the liver the production of a hormone known as insulin like
growth factor (IGF)Purpose of IGF:
“produce growth in the cells of the body”
Signaling
The signaling method is known as long distance signaling of chemical
messages. Hormones are being sent through the bloodstream to target cells where a receptor receives the
signal or message to trigger a function.
IGF/HGH levels
IGF levels are produced throughout one’s life, with the highest rates during the pubertal growth spurt.
Factors varying HGH and IGF include: age, sex, genetic make up, exercise, nutrition, body mass, disease, etc.
IGF Deficiency
IGF Deficiency/Hormone Insensitivity Syndrome/Growth
Hormone Resistance Syndrome
IGF deficiency can be caused by a lack of GH receptors or a malfunction or
“block” of the growth hormone to the receptor, causing less IGF production
Common Diseases/ Disorders
Cancers of the endocrine glands
Excessive growth or
acromegaly/gigantism
High blood cholesterol or lipid abnormalities associated with
heart disease
High blood pressure due to endocrine dysfunctions like
adrenal gland tumors
pheochromocytoma
Infertility
Lack of growth (short stature)
Menopause and its hormonal unbalances
Metabolic diseases
Osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency leading to
osteomalacia and rickets in children
Over- or underproduction of hormones
Pediatric endocrine diseases
Precocious puberty
Immediate Effect of IGF Deficiency
IGF has “growth-promoting effects on almost every cell.” Without IGF production, growth is affected
greatly. However, some cases of IGF deficiency or more severe than
others.
One effect is Laron’s dwarfism.
Laron’s Syndrome
Short Stature (Dwarfism)
Resistance to diabetes and cancer
CAPTION: This Ecuadorian man with Laron syndrome (shown with his children in the early 1990s) lived free of cancer and diabetes to age 87, a decade longer
than the average Ecuadorian. He was killed in a car accident in 2012.
Rosenbloom, Arlen. Ecuadorian Man with Laron's Disease. 1990's. Discover Magazine. Discover
Magazine. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
Living with Laron’s Dwarfism
Laron’s Syndrome is a rare disease.
Usually Laron’s syndrome comes with prominent foreheads, obese and
obviously incredibly short.
Complications happen, but it can be diagnosed and treated early.
Evolving Cell Communication
Particular cell signaling that has been known for multi-cellular organisms
have been traced back to uni-cellular organisms. Receptor tyrosine kinase.
This example helps us to look at how cell communication originated.
Student Study Guide
Power Point will be added to School Rack for reference!!!
Work Cited
Backeljauw, Philippe, MD. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I DEFICIENCY(2008): n. pag. Human Growth Foundation Inc. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
"HGH - Complete Information Guide on Human Growth Hormone (HGH)."HGH - Complete Information Guide on Human Growth Hormone (HGH). N.p., 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
"Hormones of the Liver." Hormones of the Liver. N.p., 5 May 2013. Web. 19 Feb. 2015."Insulin-like Growth Factor 1." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Feb. 2015. Web. 19
Feb. 2015.Kemp, Stephen, MD, PhD. "Endocrine System Anatomy: Get Facts on Glands and
Functions." EMedicineHealth. Ed. Mellisa Conrad Stoppler. WebMD, 10 Nov. 2014. Web. 19 Feb. 2015.
"Laron Syndrome." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 27 Jan. 2015. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.Rolfe, Viv, MD. "RLO: The Anatomy of the Liver." : Hepatocytes. School of Nursing and
Academic Division of Midwifery, University of Nottingham, 5 Oct. 2004. Web. 20 Feb. 2015.
Tyson, Peter. "Gigantism & Dwarfism on Islands." PBS. PBS, 01 Nov. 2008. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
Kemp, Stephen, MD, PhD. "EMedicineHealth.com." Endocrine System Anatomy: Get Facts on Glands and Functions. Ed. Melissa C. Stopper. WebMD, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
"Endocrine System - On a Molecular Level." Biology4Kids.com: Animal Systems: Endocrine System. Andrew Rader Studios, n.d. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
Taubes, Gary. "March 2015." Discover Magazine. Kalmbach Publishing Co., 27 Mar. 2013. Web. 23 Feb. 2015.
Carrol, Sean B., PhD. "Primitive Microbe Offers Glimpse of Animal Evolution | Howard Hughes Medical Institute." HHMI.org. HHMI, 18 Dec. 2001. Web. 24 Feb. 2015.