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Cellular Communication Systems (previously UMTS Networks)

Graduate course in Computer Science

Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics

-> Teaching -> Master studies -> Cellular Communication Systems

Winter Semester

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim (lecturers)

Nauman Zia, Elke Roth-Mandutz (seminars)




Cellular Communication Systems 2 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim October 2013

Course Motivation – Why is this important?

Enormous growth in mobile communications

Enormous growth of Internet traffic

Transition from voice to data services

Transition towards flat rates

Convergence of the Telecommunication world and the Internet world

Transition from circuit-switched to packet-switching technology

Mobile/Wireless Internet

New applications and services

New services and challenges

mobile TV and streaming: broadcast vs. unicast

car-to-car and (cooperative) multihop communications

machine-to-machine communications: scalability and overhead


Growth in Mobile Data

See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html




Growth in Mobile Data by Devices

See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details






Course Contents

• Review of the basics of mobile communications • Overview on GSM, GPRS and EDGE • UMTS (3G) networks, including

- network architecture, - network elements, - protocols and - service aspects

• Architecture, protocols and services of UMTS networks especially - the radio access network and - the core network

• Evolution towards the 4G - High-speed Packet Data (HSPA), - Long-term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) - Self-organization in LTE and LTE-Advanced

Focus on network aspects rather than radio details


Course Objectives

Understand how mobile networks work

Be able to navigate and understand UMTS and LTE standards

Understand why UMTS and LTE has been defined the way it is

Understand the 2G to 4G evolution path

=> Acquire a reasonable deep understanding of a highly complex

system

=> Understanding of the system from the system architect´s view

or: abstract from the details and understand the story as a whole


Working Method

Study of real Telco systems with their specific problems

Identify and solve the identified problems instead of a general study

of abstract problems

Lots of discussion (hopefully)

Individual studies and teamwork


Organisational Stuff

Lecture: first half of semester (4 hrs per week)

Individual studies: second half of semester (term paper and presentations)

Course prerequisites:

Basics of Communication Systems and Protocols (mandatory)

Basics of Mobile Communication Networks, e.g. Advanced Mobile Communication Networks course (recommended)

Slides and additional information are provided at

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics -> Teaching -> Master Studies -> Cellular Communication Systems

Instructor contact: Andreas Mitschele-Thiel Jens Mückenheim

Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Phone: 03677-69 2819/2829 Phone: 03461-462107

Course budget: appr. 30 hours of classes




mailto:[email protected]







Schedule

Red topics are provided by Jens Mückenheim

1 Introduction 16.10.14

2 Basics of Wireless Transmissions

3 2G: GSM and GSM Evolution 23.10.14

4 UMTS Architecture

5 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 30.10.14

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA)

6 UTRAN Procedures

7 Numbering, Addressing and Location Identities 06.11.14

8 UE Modes, Mobility and Comm. Management (Overview)

9 Wideband CDMA Principles 13.11.14

10 Radio Resource Management

11 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA) 20.11.14

12 High-Speed Packet-Access (EDCH)

13 UMTS-Evolution (HSPA+) 27.11.14

14 LTE/SAE (Arch., Radio, Res. Mgmt., LTE-A)

15 Self-organization in LTE (Motiv., Functionality, Architecture) 04.12.14

16 Self-organization in LTE (Use Cases and UC Coordination)

Introduction

Mobile Business and Services

Market Expectations

UMTS Services and Applications

Technical Trends

From 2G to 4G


First Mobile Radio (1924) – How it began...


Revenue for Mobile Operators (total) in Germany

Total

revenue

Average

revenue per

user (ARPU)

[US$m] [US$] [%]

Total Mobile Revenues $27,559 $25.33 100.0%

Voice Revenue $21,417 $19.68 77.7%

Data Revenue $6,142 $5.64 22.3%

Messaging Revenue $4,704 $4.32 17.1%

SMS $4,026 $3.70 14.6%

MMS $260 $0.24 0.9%

Email $399 $0.37 1.4%

Other Messaging $19 $0.02 0.1%

Non-Messaging Revenue $1,438 $1.32 5.2%

Ringtones $332 $0.31 1.2%

Graphics/Images $162 $0.15 0.6%

Games $263 $0.24 1.0%

Information Services $163 $0.15 0.6%

Music $59 $0.05 0.2%

Video $88 $0.08 0.3%

Mobile Data/Remote Access $371 $0.34 1.3%

German Mobile Operators‘ Revenue, estimates for 2007: more than 27 B$ = 21 B€

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Worldwide Number of Subscribers by Technology

Region Q2 2006 Q2 2007

Q2 2007

(%)

World

Total 2,431,732,781 2,948,357,080 100.0%

GSM 2G 1,934,109,924 2,377,790,703 80.6%

UMTS (WCDMA) 3G 70,242,769 131,240,644 4.5%

UMTS/HSPA 3G 259,396 4,987,178 0.2%

TDMA 2G 31,491,377 12,126,883 0.4%

PDC 2G 39,319,525 23,481,602 0.8%

iDEN 2G 25,321,560 27,078,771 0.9%

Analog 1G 4,467,113 2,021,415 0.1%

cdmaOne 2G 29,466,577 15,551,230 0.5%

CDMA2000 1X 3G 260,661,808 288,503,817 9.8%

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 3G 36,394,017 65,405,731 2.2%

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 3G - 171,311 0.0%

The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that, as of November 2006, GSM/UMTS services are available in 134 networks in 59 countries,

with 85% of mobile subscriptions worldwide = more than 2.5 billion (source: www.gsacom.com).

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http://www.gsacom.com/


Services:

- Traditional Voice

- Teleservices like and Fax, SMS, MMS messaging

- Wide-band Data for Multimedia and Wireless Internet:

via dedicated access (Basic Release99)

up to 144 kb/s for high speed mobiles

up to 384 kb/s for low speed mobiles

up to 2 Mb/s for portable/fixed users

via high-speed packet access (HSPA, Release5, 6&7)

up to 7.2-14.4/28.8 Mbit/s download

up to 5.7/11.5 Mbit/s upload

Spectral Efficiency: High

Mobility & Roaming: Worldwide

Compatibility: with 2G systems, especially GSM

Physical characteristics:

Wideband (W-)CDMA system with 5MHz bandwidth, 3.84 Mchps

around 2000 MHz (EU), 1900 MHz (US), 1700 MHz (Japan)

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System


Why UMTS?

GSM (2nd generation):

Optimized for circuit-switched voice

High delay (180 ms round-trip)

Small band, inflexible assignment of data rates

Low data rates

Suboptimal use of radio resources (spectral efficiency)

Complicated RF planning (layout of frequency usage)

Standard set by Europe

Globally available, but not planned as such

UMTS (3rd generation):

Focus on packet-switched data

Lower latency

Flexible assignment of spectrum with variable data rates

Higher data rates for multimedia services

Higher capacity of radio system

Simplified RF engineering (no frequency planning)

Worldwide agreed standard

Worldwide roaming by design


What is 3GPP?

3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP is a collaboration agreement, established in December 1998, to

ensure a worldwide acceptance of 3G W-CDMA/UMTS standards

It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (standard development organization)

These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional (Europe, NorthAmerica, Korea, Japan, China) standards

ITU references the regional standards “IMT-2000”, “IMT-Advanced” see: www.3gpp.org

Japan

USA

S.Korea Europe

China

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http://www.3gpp.org/


3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2013)

Version Released Info

Release 99 2000 Q1 Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air

interface

Release 4 2001 Q2 Originally called the Release 2000 - added features including an all-IP

Core Network

Release 5 2002 Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPA

Release 6 2004 Q4 Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA,

MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular

(PoC), GAN (UMA)

Release 7 2007 Q4 Focuses on decreasing latency, QoS and improvements to real-time

applications like VoIP. This specification also focuses on HSPA+

(High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed protocol

and contactless front-end interface (Near Field Communication

enabling operators to deliver contactless services like Mobile

Payments), EDGE Evolution.

Release 8 2008 Q4 LTE (E-UTRA), All-IP Network (SAE). Release 8 constitutes a

refactoring of UMTS as an entirely IP based fourth-generation

network.

Release 9 2009 Q4 SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability. Dual-

Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA.

Release 10 2011 Q1 LTE Advanced fulfilling IMT Advanced 4G requirements. Backwards compatible with release 8 (LTE). Multi-Cell HSDPA (4 carriers).

Release 11 2012 Q3 Advanced IP Interconnection of Services. Service layer interconnection between national operators/carriers as well as third party application providers.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Generation_Network



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_to_Talk_over_Cellular

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_to_Talk_over_Cellular

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Access_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA+

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Module

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Payment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Payment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advanced

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMT_Advanced

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interconnection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_layer


Evolution of 3GPP Standards (Europe & Asia)

Release 99 Specs are Functionally frozen in March

2000 Essential corrections until late 2003

Release 4 Specs Functionally frozen in March 2001 Small delta to Release 99 Main features: TD-SCDMA, HSDPA

feasibility study Release 5

Functionally frozen in March 2002 & June 2002.

corrections until late 2004 Main features: HSDPA, IP-RAN, Network

Sharing, feasibility study of UTRAN evolution, IMS

Release 6 Functionally frozen in Dec. 2004 Corrections still ongoing. Main features: MBMS, Enhanced UL DCH,

Remote Electrical Tilting, Voice over IP, LTE Study

Release 7 Specs are Functionally frozen in March

2006. Main features: MIMO, gaming on IP,

Enhanced Push over Cellular, Evolved-UTRA (LTE) feasibility study. System Arch. Evolution (SAE) Study.

Release 8 Published in Dec. 2007/ March 2008 Main features: HSPA+, LTE (E-UTRA), SAE,

enhancements for UMTS

GSM

1989

GPRS

1997

Rel98 AMR

1998

LTE (part of Rel 8)

Dec 2007

Rel99 UMTS

Rel5 HSDPA

Rel6 E-DCH

Rel7 MIMO

Rel8

HSDPA

IP-RAN

Network Sharing

Subscriber

Trace

E-DCH

MBMS

VoIP

BF

Rel99 EDGE

1999

Rel6 SAIC

2004

Rel7

2006

HSPA Evolution

MIMO

CPC

HoM

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008


Evolution of 3GPP2 Standards (mainly USA)

2G technology: CDMAone = IS-95

Beyond 3G technology: was: EV-DO Rev.C now: UMB = Ultra Mobile Broadband;

3G technology: CDMA2000 EV-DO = Evolution-Data Optimized EV-DV = Evolution-Data/Voice

3GPP2 is the 3G partnership project to promote the US-driven 3G standards family of cdma2000 in competition to W-CDMA/UMTS of 3GPP

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IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Roadmap


2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS

GSM

RAN

Base station

Base station controller

Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN

GSM Core (Circuit switched)

HLR AuC EIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM



GPRS Core (Packet Switched)

SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM

RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN


HLR AuC EIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM+GPRS




SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM

RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

UTRAN

Radio network controller

Base station Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN


HLR AuC EIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM+GPRS+UMTS R99




SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM

RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

UTRAN

Radio network controller

Base station Base station

Base station

IP based transport

3G Core

GERAN GERAN+UMTS R5 + IMS


IP Multimedia System (IMS)- Architecture (simplified)

PSTN

PDN

Media

Gateway

MGW

Control

Session

Control

Services

Common

Multimedia

Service Network (IMS)

Access

Proxy

BTS BSC/RNC MSC/

SGSN/GGSN UE UE

GSM/GPRS RAN

(GERAN)

Common

IP

Core

Network

NodeB RNC SGSN/

GGSN IP Router

UE UE

UMTS/HSPA RAN

UE UE

802.11 WiFi

802.16 WiMax

AG

Service and Core Architecture is “Access Agnostic”

AG

FW

GGSN

PDN

RAN

SGSN

Access Gateway

Firewall

Gateway GPRS Serving

Node

Packet Data Network

Radio Access Network

Serving GPRS Serving

Node FW UE SIP phone

Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc

o


4G Mobile Communication Systems: Radio Integration

Wireless

IP

Society S-UMTS

Satellite

Broadband

DVB-S

DVB-T DAB

GSM

GPRS/EDGE

DECT

IR

Broadband

W-LAN

UMTS

Satellite/HAPS

Broadcasting

Cellular

Indoor

MBS 40 xMDS

Broadband

WFA

Wireless Local Loop

Body LANs

Personal

Area Networks UMTS ++

4th Generation

Local Area Networks MBS 60 MWS

Bluetooth

Quasi-Cellular

o


4G Mobile Communication Systems: Network Integration

Services andapplications

IP based core network

IMT-2000

UMTS

WLAN

type

cellular

GSM

short range

connectivity

Wireline

xDSL

other

entities

DAB

DVB

return channel:

e.g. GSM

download channel

New radio

interface

o


4G Mobile Communication Systems: System Integration

distribution layer

cellular layer

hot spot layer WLAN

DAB and / or DVB

2G: e.g. GSM

IMT-2000 UMTS

personal network layer

X X X X X X X X X X X X X fixed ( wired ) layer

• full coverage • global access • full mobility • not necessary individual links

• full coverage and hot spots

• global roaming • full mobility • individual links

• local coverage • hot spots • global roaming • local mobility • individual links

• short range communication (e.g. Bluetooth, DECT )

• global roaming • individual links

• no mobility • global roaming • individual links

horizontal handover within a system vertical handover between systems

possible return channels

o


Summary of the Evolution Path (European View)

1G: Analog systems

2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system

FDMA, TDMA, FDD

circuit-switched voice (voice service)

SMS

global roaming

2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data

IP to the terminal; ATM transport in the network

multiplexing of packet-switched data on traffic channels of radio link

IP tunneling in the packet-switched core network

SS7 signaling, AAA, mobility management

QoS: best effort

still ongoing efforts

EDGE: enhanced radio efficiency (adaptive modulation)

GERAN: generalized access network, to connect to 3G core networks

3G (UMTS): packet-switched data

...


Summary of the Evolution Path (cont’d)

2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system

2G+ (GSM+GPRS): introduction of packet-switched data

3G (UMTS): packet-switched data

CDMA-FDD/TDD predominantly data communication focus on services and content all IP transport (3GPP R4): mobile, radio access network, core network SS7 signaling: AAA, mobility management, etc. QoS support seamless service (global roaming) Enhanced packet data perfromance: HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA

Common Ip-based service architecture (IMS)

4G: Integration of various radio technologies (satellite, broadcast, cellular, WLAN,

BAN)

use of the ‘optimal’ radio link (w.r.t. spectral efficiency, delay, throughput, error rate, emission)

IETF protocols for everything (all IP for transport and control)


Important Readings

Books:

Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks – Architecture, Mobility and Services. 2nd edition, Wiley, 2005

Holma, Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS. 4th edition, Wiley, 2007

Holma, Toskala: LTE for UMTS: Evolution to LTE-Advanced, 2011

Important 3GPP Documents:

21.101 to 21.104: List of standards for Release 3 (R99), 4, 5 and 6, respectively

21.905: UMTS vocabulary and abbreviations

23.002: UMTS network architecture (core network and access network entities)

23.060: GPRS architecture

25.401: UTRAN overview

25.301: Radio link protocols (UTRA)

25.931: UTRAN procedures

(all documents are available at www.3gpp.org)