cellular communication systems self-organization in lte and lte-advanced focus on network aspects...

Cellular Communication Systems

Graduate course in Computer Science

Integrated Communication Systems (ICS) Group

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics

-> Teaching -> Master studies -> Cellular Communication Systems

Winter Semester

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim (lecturers)

Mehdi Harounabadi (seminars)


Cellular Communication Systems 2Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim October 2017

Course Motivation – Why is this important?

Still dramatic increase in mobile communications

Domination of Internet traffic

Transition from voice to data services

Transition towards pseudo flat rates

Convergence of the Telecommunication world and the Internet world

Transition from circuit-switched to packet-switching technology

Mobile/Wireless Internet

New applications and services

New services and challenges

streaming: broadcast vs. unicast

machine-to-machine communications: scalability and overhead

car-to-car and (cooperative) multihop communications

low latency, high reliability


Course Contents

• Review of the basics of mobile communications

• Overview on GSM, GPRS and EDGE

• UMTS (3G) networks, including

- network architecture,

- network elements,

- protocols and

- service aspects

• Architecture, protocols and services of UMTS networks especially

- the radio access network and

- the core network

• Evolution towards LTE and LTE-Advanced

- High-speed Packet Data (HSPA),

- Long-term Evolution (LTE) and System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

- Self-organization in LTE and LTE-Advanced

Focus on network aspects rather than radio details


Course Objectives

Understand how mobile networks work

Be able to navigate and understand UMTS and LTE standards

Understand why UMTS and LTE has been defined the way it is

Understand the evolution path from 2G to 4G

=> Acquire a reasonable deep understanding of a highly complex

system

=> Understanding of the system from the system architect´s view

or: abstract from the details and understand the story as a whole


Working Method

Study of real Telco systems with their specific problems

Identify and solve the identified problems instead of a general study

of abstract problems

Lots of discussion (hopefully)

Individual studies

Assignment of a paper to each student

Deep understanding of the paper

Preparation of a presentation

Final presentations: December 18 & 20, 2017

Exam

Oral exam (20 min, please register at ICS office in Z1031)

Grading scheme: 80% oral exam, 20% individual studies

50% correct answers required to pass oral exam


Organisational Stuff

Lecture: first half of semester (4 hrs per week)

Individual studies: second half of semester (term paper and presentations)

Course prerequisites:

Basics of Communication Systems and Protocols (mandatory)

Basics of Mobile Communication Networks, e.g. Advanced Mobile Communication Networks course (recommended)

Slides and additional information are provided at

http://www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics-> Teaching -> Master Studies -> Cellular Communication Systems

Instructor contact:Andreas Mitschele-Thiel Jens Mückenheim

Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Phone: 03677-69 2819/2829 Phone: 03461-46 2925

Course budget: appr. 30 hours of classes


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


Course Schedule

Red topics are provided by Jens Mückenheim

1 Introduction 12-Oct-17

2 Basics of Wireless Transmissions

3 2G: GSM and GSM Evolution 19-Oct-17

4 UMTS Architecture

5 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) 26-Oct-17

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA)

9 Wideband CDMA Principles 2-Nov-17

10 Radio Resource Management

11 High-Speed Packet-Access (HSPA) 9-Nov-17

12 High-Speed Packet-Access (EDCH)

6 UTRAN Procedures 16-Nov-17

7 Numbering, Addressing and Location Identities

8 UE Modes, Mobility and Comm. Management (Overview)

13 UMTS-Evolution (HSPA+) 23-Nov-17

14 LTE/SAE (Arch., Radio, Res. Mgmt., LTE-A)

15 Self-organization in LTE (Architecture and Use Cases) 30-Nov-17

16 Advanced Concepts/5G

Introduction

Mobile Business and Services

Market Expectations

UMTS Services and Applications

Technical Trends

From 2G to 4G


First Mobile Radio (1924) – How it began...


Business: Revenue for Mobile Operators (total) in Germany

Total

revenue

Average

revenue per

user (ARPU)

[US$m] [US$] [%]

Total Mobile Revenues $27,559 $25.33 100.0%

Voice Revenue $21,417 $19.68 77.7%

Data Revenue $6,142 $5.64 22.3%

Messaging Revenue $4,704 $4.32 17.1%

SMS $4,026 $3.70 14.6%

MMS $260 $0.24 0.9%

Email $399 $0.37 1.4%

Other Messaging $19 $0.02 0.1%

Non-Messaging Revenue $1,438 $1.32 5.2%

Ringtones $332 $0.31 1.2%

Graphics/Images $162 $0.15 0.6%

Games $263 $0.24 1.0%

Information Services $163 $0.15 0.6%

Music $59 $0.05 0.2%

Video $88 $0.08 0.3%

Mobile Data/Remote Access $371 $0.34 1.3%

German Mobile Operators‘ Revenues, estimates for 2007:more than 27 B$ = 21 B€

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Growth in Mobile Data

See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html


Growth in Mobile Data by Devices

See http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html for details

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html


Worldwide Number of Subscribers by Technology

RegionQ2 2006 Q2 2007

Q2 2007

(%)

World

Total 2,431,732,781 2,948,357,080 100.0%

GSM 2G 1,934,109,924 2,377,790,703 80.6%

UMTS (WCDMA) 3G 70,242,769 131,240,644 4.5%

UMTS/HSPA 3G 259,396 4,987,178 0.2%

TDMA 2G 31,491,377 12,126,883 0.4%

PDC 2G 39,319,525 23,481,602 0.8%

iDEN 2G 25,321,560 27,078,771 0.9%

Analog 1G 4,467,113 2,021,415 0.1%

cdmaOne 2G 29,466,577 15,551,230 0.5%

CDMA2000 1X 3G 260,661,808 288,503,817 9.8%

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO 3G 36,394,017 65,405,731 2.2%

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A 3G - 171,311 0.0%

The Global mobile Suppliers Association (GSA) states that, as of November 2006, GSM/UMTS services are available in 134 networks in 59 countries,

with 85% of mobile subscriptions worldwide = more than 2.5 billion(source: www.gsacom.com).

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http://www.gsacom.com/


Services:

- Traditional Voice

- Teleservices like and Fax, SMS, MMS messaging

- Wide-band Data for Multimedia and Wireless Internet:

via dedicated access (Basic Release99)

up to 144 kb/s for high speed mobiles

up to 384 kb/s for low speed mobiles

up to 2 Mb/s for portable/fixed users

via high-speed packet access (HSPA, Release5, 6&7)

up to 7.2-14.4/28.8 Mbit/s download

up to 5.7/11.5 Mbit/s upload

Spectral Efficiency: High

Mobility & Roaming: Worldwide

Compatibility: with 2G systems, especially GSM

Physical characteristics:

Wideband (W-)CDMA system with 5MHz bandwidth, 3.84 Mchps

around 2000 MHz (EU), 1900 MHz (US), 1700 MHz (Japan)

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System


Drivers for UMTS

GSM (2nd generation):

Optimized for circuit-switched voice

High delay (180 ms round-trip)

Small band, inflexible assignment ofdata rates

Low data rates

Suboptimal use of radio resources(spectral efficiency)

Complicated RF planning(layout of frequency usage)

Standard set by Europe

Globally available, but not planned as such

UMTS (3rd generation):

Focus on packet-switched data

Lower latency

Flexible assignment of spectrum with variable data rates

Higher data rates for multimedia services

Higher capacity of radio system

Simplified RF engineering (no frequency planning)

Worldwide agreed standard

Worldwide roaming by design


2G to 3G Evolution: GSM - GPRS - UMTS

GSM

RAN

Base station

Base stationcontroller

Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN

GSM Core (Circuit switched)

HLRAuCEIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM



GPRS Core (Packet Switched)

SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM

RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN


HLRAuCEIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM+GPRS



GPRS Core (Packet Switched)

SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM

RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

UTRAN

Radio networkcontroller

Base station Base station

Base station

MSC

ISDN


HLRAuCEIR

GMSC

ATM based transport

GSM+GPRS+UMTS R99



GPRS Core (PacketSwitched)

SGSN

GGSN

Inter-net

GSM

RAN

Base station


Base station

Base station

UTRAN

Radio networkcontroller

Base station Base station

Base station

IP based transport

3G Core

GERAN

GERAN+UMTS R5 + IMS

HSS IMS


IP-based Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

PSTN

PDN

Media

Gateway

MGW

Control

Session

Control

Services

Common

Multimedia

Service Network (IMS)

Access

Proxy

BTS BSC/RNCMSC/

SGSN/GGSNUEUE

GSM/GPRS RAN

(GERAN)

Common

IP

Core

Network

NodeB RNCSGSN/

GGSNIP Router

UEUE

UMTS/HSPA RAN

UEUE

802.11 WiFi

802.16 WiMax

AG

Service and Core Architecture is “Access Agnostic”

AG

FW

GGSN

PDN

RAN

SGSN

Access Gateway

Firewall

Gateway GPRS Serving

Node

Packet Data Network

Radio Access Network

Serving GPRS Serving

NodeFWUESIP phone

Cable, ethernet, DSL, etc

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4G: LTE, LTE-Advanced

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

S-GWPDN-GW

Internet

Evolved-UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

eNBeNB

eNB

HSS IMS

XRNC


4G: Integration of GERAN, UMTS and LTE


Summary of the Evolution Path (3GPP)

1G: Analog systems

2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system

FDMA, TDMA, FDD

circuit-switched voice (voice service)

SMS

global roaming

2G+ (GSM+GPRS+EDGE): introduction of packet-switched data

IP to the terminal; ATM transport in the network

multiplexing of packet-switched data on traffic channels of radio link

IP tunneling in the packet-switched core network

SS7 signaling, AAA, mobility management

best effort data only (no QoS)

EDGE: enhanced radio efficiency (adaptive modulation)

GERAN: generalized access network, to connect to 3G core networks

3G (UMTS): packet-switched data

...


Summary of the Evolution Path (cont’d)

2G (GSM): global digital personal communication system

2G+ (GSM+GPRS+EDGE): introduction of packet-switched data

3G (UMTS): packet-switched data

CDMA-FDD/TDD predominantly data communication focus on services and content all IP transport (3GPP R4): mobile, radio access network, core network SS7 signaling: AAA, mobility management, etc. QoS support seamless service (global roaming) Enhanced packet data performance: HSDPA+HSUPA HSPA

Common IP-based service architecture (IMS)

4G: Integration of various radio technologies (satellite, broadcast, cellular, WLAN,

BAN)

use of the ‘optimal’ radio link (w.r.t. spectral efficiency, delay, throughput, error rate, emission)

IETF protocols for everything (all IP for transport and control)


3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2017)

Version Released Info

Release 99 2000 Q1 Specified the first UMTS 3G networks, incorporating a CDMA air

interface

Release 4 2001 Q2 Originally called the Release 2000 - added features including an all-IP

Core Network

Release 5 2002 Q1 Introduced IMS and HSDPA

Release 6 2004 Q4 Integrated operation with Wireless LAN networks and adds HSUPA,

MBMS, enhancements to IMS such as Push to Talk over Cellular

(PoC), GAN (UMA)

Release 7 2007 Q4 Focuses on decreasing latency, QoS and improvements to real-time

applications like VoIP. This specification also focuses on HSPA+

(High Speed Packet Access Evolution), SIM high-speed protocol and

contactless front-end interface (Near Field Communication enabling

operators to deliver contactless services like Mobile Payments), EDGE

Evolution.

Release 8 2008 Q4 LTE (E-UTRA), All-IP Network (SAE). Release 8 constitutes a

refactoring of UMTS as an entirely IP based fourth-generation network.

Release 9 2009 Q4 SAES Enhancements, WiMAX and LTE/UMTS Interoperability. Dual-

Cell HSDPA with MIMO, Dual-Cell HSUPA.

Release 10 2011 Q1 LTE Advanced fulfilling IMT Advanced 4G requirements. Backwards

compatible with release 8 (LTE). Multi-Cell HSDPA (4 carriers).

Release 11 2012 Q3 Advanced IP Interconnection of Services. Service layer interconnection

between national operators/carriers as well as third party application

providers.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Generation_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_Broadcast_Multicast_Service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_Multimedia_Subsystem

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_to_Talk_over_Cellular

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_Access_Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_of_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA+

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Module

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Field_Communication

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Payment

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advanced

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMT_Advanced

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interconnection

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_layer


3GPP Standards Releases (summary from/links to Wikipedia, 2017)

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Release 12 2015 Q1 Enhanced Small Cells (higher order modulation, dual connectivity, cell discovery, self configuration), Carrier Aggregation (2 uplink carriers, 3 downlink carriers, FDD/TDD carrier aggregation), MIMO (3D channel modeling, elevationbeamforming, massive MIMO), New and Enhanced Services (cost and range of MTC, D2D communication, eMBMSenhancements)

Release 13 2016 Q1 LTE in unlicensed, LTE enhancements for Machine-Type Communication. Elevation Beamforming / Full-Dimension MIMO, Indoor positioning. LTE-Advanced Pro.

Release 14 Planned forJune 2017

Energy Efficiency, Location Services (LCS), Mission Critical Data over LTE, Mission Critical Video over LTE, Flexible Mobile Service Steering (FMSS), Multimedia Broadcast Supplement for Public Warning System (MBSP), enhancement for TV service, massive Internet of Things, Cell Broadcast Service (CBS)

Release 15 Planned for Sept 2018

Support for 5G Vehicle-to-x service, IP Multimedia Core Network Subsystem (IMS), Future Railway Mobile Communication System

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE-U

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE-Advanced_Pro


Important Readings

Books:

Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks – Architecture, Mobility and Services. 2nd edition, Wiley, 2005

Holma, Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS. 4th edition, Wiley, 2007

Holma, Toskala: LTE for UMTS: Evolution to LTE-Advanced, 2011

Dahlman, Parkval, Sköld: 4G: LTE-Advanced Pro and the Road to 5G, Third Edition, Elsevier, 2016

Important Documents for UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA:

21.101 to 21.104: List of standards for Release 3 (R99), 4, 5 and 6, respectively

21.905: vocabulary for 3GPP specifications

23.002: UMTS network architecture (core network and access network entities)

23.060: GPRS architecture

25.401: UTRAN overview

25.301: Radio link protocols (UTRA)

25.931: UTRAN procedures

Important Documents for LTE:

21.201: List of standards for EPS based 3GPP system (different versions for different releases)

23.401: GPRS enhancements for E-UTRAN

36.401: E-UTRAN Architecture description

36.300: E-UTRA & E-UTRAN

36.201: PHY general description

36.321: MAC

36.322: RLC

36.323: PDCP

36.331: RRC

(all documents are available at www.3gpp.org)

http://www.3gpp.org