cells and cell systems. video: tour of the cell tour of the celltour of the cell
TRANSCRIPT
Cells and Cell SystemsCells and Cell Systems
Cells and Cell SystemsCells and Cell SystemsVideo: Video: Tour of the CellTour of the Cell
ReviewReview
Cell Theory
• Two main ideas?
1) All Living things are composed of one or more cells.
2) All cells come from pre-existing cells
ReviewReview
What are the 6 Characteristics of Living Things?
Living things are:• Compose of cells• Reproduce, grow, and repair• Require energy• Respond to the environment• Have a life span• Produce waste
A quick review
• What is this?• What are cells?
– Cells are the smallest units of life
Scanning electron micrograph of human red blood cells
Anatomy of the Animal Cell
1 2
3
4
5
6 7
8
9
1) Cell Membrane1) Cell Membrane
• Serves as a boundary between the cell and the outside environment
• Holds contents of the cell in place • act as a gatekeeper, controlling the
movement of materials into and out of the cell
• All consist of double layer of fat molecules
BACK
2) Cytoplasm• Contains everything between
the cell membrane and the nucleus: organelles
• consists of primarily of water• Site of chemical activities ie.
dissolved gasses and nutrients
• Allow transportation between structures
• Store waste until depose
BACK
3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)• Spreading throughout the
cytoplasm• Protein producing
organelles• A series of folded
membranes giving it a very large surface area
• Provide surface area for cell reactions
• Site of lipid (fat) productionSmooth ER
Rough ERHas ribosomes
Structure where fats (lipids) are made
BACK
4) Ribosomes• manufacture
proteins for the cell
• Location: rER, cytoplasm
BACK
5) Golgi Apparatus
• Looks like a stack of flattened pancakes
• Store protein (produced by rER) and puts them into packages called vesicles– Release to the outside
BACK
6) Lysosome• produced by the golgi
body• Called suicide sacks• Contain special
proteins that used to breakdown large molecules (digestive enzymes)
• Patrol and clean cytoplasm
• Destroying harmful substances and bacteria that enter the cells
BACK
7) Mitochodria
• Energy Production (power plant of the cell)
• Rod-shaped organelles
• Provide energy for cells– Through process:
cellular respiration• sugar molecules +
oxygen molecules carbon dioxide + water
BACK
8) Nucleus8) Nucleus• Control center• containing hereditary
material (DNA) • Direct all cell’s activities• Surrounded by a membrane• Cells with a nuclear
membrane: Eukaryotic cells• Those without a nuclear
membrane: prokaryotic cells– Ex. One-celled organism;
bacteria
BACK
9)Chromosomes
• Found inside the nucleus• Contain DNA or genetic
material– Holds “construction plan” for all
parts of the cell– Duplicated and passed on to
other cells
How do cells move?How do cells move?
• hair like extentions off of the cell membrane
Plant CellsPlant Cells
• Generally plant cells contain the same features as animal cells such as;
• Cell membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus• sER and rER
– Have some special structures that are not found in animal cells
What structure do plant cells have different from animal cells?
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell WallCell Wall
• Outside the cell membrane which provides additional strength
• Protects and supports the plant cell
• Have small openings (pores) that allow some molecules to pass through: – Gases, water, some minerals
BACK
VacuoleVacuole
• Water and nutrients storage (just as in animal cells)
• often with dissolved pigments, waste materials, or other substances
• Much larger in plants• Store waste that is
produced or absorbed by the plant
BACK
ChloroplastChloroplast
• Double membrane, made up of stacked discs (thyakoids) and fluid (stroma)
• Energy source Food factory of the plant cells
• Contain chlorophyll (green chemical molecules)– plant cells trap the energy of light
and use it to manufacture food proteins for the cell
– Site of Photosynthesis– Animal cells cannot do this
• What is chloroplast similar to in an animal cell?
Homework: SSA practiceHomework: SSA practice
• In your textbook Pg. 13 #2-6
• On your own, brainstorm about chromosome– Come up with some visual examples that
demonstrate what it does.• May help to use action words in its definition as in
what it is and what it does to decide what visuals you might use
Example: CytoplasmExample: Cytoplasm
• Function: stores wastes
• Visual: a garbage; can store waste– Remember: your visual doesn’t have to look
like the that part of the cell, just the function
ExtrasExtras
• Centrioles are found only in animal cells. They function in cell division. Notice the 9 sets of 3 arrangement of the protein fibers.
Animal CellsAnimal Cells
• Under light microscope
• Under electron microscope
Plant CellsPlant Cells
• Under light microscope
• Under electron microscope