cell
DESCRIPTION
anatomi fisiologi sel beserta organelnya. perbedaan sel hewan,tumbuhan,bakteri dan virus.TRANSCRIPT
Blok 4 Skenario 1
By: Hellia Putri A
SEL
DNA
PERBEDAAN SEL
PENDAHULUAN
Abad 17 Anton Von Leeuwenhoek hand-held microscope.
Th 1665 Robert Hook (Inggris) Th 1838-1839 Matthias Schleiden dan
Theodore Schwann TEORI SELa. All living things are made of one or more
cells.b. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function
in organisms. c. Cell come only from the reproduction of
existing cells.
WHAT IS CELL??
The cell is the basic unit of structure & function, is the smallest unit that can still carry on all life processes (Cooper,2000)
Sel merupakan satuan struktural yang fundamental dan fungsional bagi kehidupan (Pelczar,1986).
STRUCTUR AND FUNCTION OF THE CELLCell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Mithocondrion
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Cillia and flagella
Nucleus
Vakuola
Plastida
Cell wall
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mycrofilaments and
mikrotubulus
CELL MEMBRANE
7,5-10nm Seperates the cytoplasm of the cell from its
enviroment Protect the cell & control what enters and leaves Selective permeable Composed of a lipid bilayer made of phospolipid
molecules.
Membrane Proteins A variety of protein molecules are
embedded in the cell’s lipid bilayer. Helps move materials into & out of the
cell.
Cytoplasm
Composed of organelles & cytosol 70-90% water and is a colorless
material.
MITOCONDRION
Respiration (breaking down glucose to get energy)
Energy ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Have their own DNA
RIBOSOME
Cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serve as the site for protein synthesis in the cell.
May be free in cytoplasm or attached to the ER
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough ER has embedded ribosomes on its
surfaces for making proteins
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & helps break down poisons, wastes, & other toxic chemical. And also helps process carbohydrates & lipids.
GOLGI APPARATUS
Main function is to carry out processing of proteins generated in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Synthesis of proteoglycans animal cells Vesicels found in the golgi body do the work of
transporting different types of molecules to cell membranes.
Diktiosom plant cells
LYOSOME
Lysosome = specialized vesicle Hold enzymes that were created by the
cell hydrolytic enzym. digest food or break down cellular
waste products, fats, carbohydrates, proeins and the cell when it dies into simple compounds.
CYTOSKELETON
Consist of a network of long protein tubes & strands in the cyptoplasm to give cells shape and helps move organelles.
Cytoskeleton element General function
Microtubules Move materials within the cell
Move the cilia and flagella
Actin filaments Move the cell
Intermediate filaments Provides mechanical
Cilia short. Line respiratory tract to remove dust & move paramecia.
Flagella long whip like tails (1-3 number).
NU
CLEU
S
In the middle of the cell contains DNA & acts as the control center.
Coordinates the cell’s activities.
Chromatin is the long strand of DNA, wich coils during cell division to make chromosomes.
CELL WALLS
Protective layers around the cell membrane in plants, bacteria, & fungi.
Fungal chitin. Plant cellulose.
VACUOLES
Serves as a storage area for protein, ions, wastes, and cell products such as glucose.
May contain poisons to keep animal from eating them.
DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)
DNA is a long, double-straned, linear molecule composed of multiple nucleotide sequences. It acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA.
Nucleotides are composed of a base (purine & pyrimidine), a deoxyribose sugar, and phospate grup.
The Purines adenine (A) & guanine (G) The pyrimidines cytosine (C) & thymine (T)
DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) The DNA double
helix consist of two complementary DNA strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs A-T and G-C.
DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)
Informasi herediterPersiapan pembelahan selMerancang sintesis proteinMembentuk RNAMengontrol aktivitas hidup
PEMBELAHAN SEL
Suatu proses membelahnya sel induk menjadi dua atau lebih sel anak.
1. Amitosis2. Mitosis3. Miosis
AMITOSIS
Pembelahan sel secara langsung / biner.
Tidak melibatkan kromosom. Pada sel prokariotik bakteri. Membentuk keturunan baru
MITOSIS
Pembelahan pada sel somatik yang menghasilkan 2 sel anakan yang sama dengan sel induk.
MIOSIS
Pembelahan reduksi yang memisahkan kromosom-kromosom yang homolog. Terjadi pada proses gametogenesis.
ORGANISME
Organon = alat kumpulan molekul yang saling
mempengaruhi sehingga berfungsi secara stabil dan memiliki sifat hidup (Makhluk hidup)
Manusia, tumbuhan, hewan serta mikroorganisme.
CIRI ORGANISME
Bernafas Bergerak Tumbuh Berkembang biak Memerlukan nutrisi Peka terhadap rangsang Beradaptasi Mengeluarkan zat sisa.
PENGGOLONGAN SEL
Berdasarkan keadaan inti ada tidaknya endomembran
a. Sel Prokariotik : bakteri & alga birub. Sel Eukariotik
PERBEDAAN SEL
PROKARIOTIK EUKARIOTIK
Inti tidak memiliki membran Inti memiliki membran
Organel tidak dibatasi membran(tdk punya)
Organel dibatai membran
Membran tersusun atas peptidoglikan
Fosfolipid
Diameter 1-10 nm 10-100nm
Mengandung 4 subunit RNA polymerase
banyak
Susunan kromoson (genom) sirkuler
Linier
DNA di Nukleus DNA di Nukleous
PERBEDAAN SELORGANEL PROKARIO
TIKEUKARIOT
IK
Membran Plasma v v
Sitoplasma v v
Ribosom v v
Dinding sel v v
Mesosom v -
Nukleus v v
RE - v
Lisosom - v
Kompleks golgi - v
Mitokondria - v
Badan mikro - v
SEL BAKTERI
Sel Prokariotik bakteri Kosmopolitan hampir di semua
tempat Ciri:
Uniselluler Prokariot Tdk berklorofil 1-5 mikron Bebas / parasit.
STRUKTUR BAKTERI
Struktur Dasar: Dinding Sel Membran Plasma Sitoplasma Ribosom DNA
Sturktur Tambahan Kapsul Flagelum Pilus Fimbria Klorosom
KAPSUL Lapisan diluar dinding sel pada jenis bakteri
tertentu, bila lapisan tebal disebut kapsul bila tipis disebut lendir.
Tersusun atas polisakarida dan air
PILUS
Rambut menonjol di dinding sel
Seperti flagelum namun lebih pendek
Penghubung saat bakteri melakukan konjugasi
Perlekatan Terdapat pada bakteri
gram negatif : Escherchia coli
KLOROSOM Mengandung pigmen klorofil untuk
fotosintesis.
BENTUK BAKTERI
Bulat (kokus) Batang (basil) Spiral (spirilia) kokobasil
SEL EUKARIOTIKOrganel Sel Hewan Sel Tumbuhan
Dinding sel Jika ada,bukan selulosa.
Ada, mengandung selulosa
Kloroplas - Pada sel yang mengadakan fotosintesis
Sentrosom Sentriol
Ada -
vakuola Jika ada ukurannya kecil
Pada sel yang tua, besar dan jelas
Lisosom Ada Diduga ada karena memiliki enzym hidrolitik
Kompleks Golgi Ada Namanya Diktiosom
Plastida - Leukoplast berbentuk amilumKloroplast hijauKromoplast karoten
Perbedaan Sel Hewan dan Tumbuhan
VIRUS Parasit berukuran mikroskopik yang
menginfeksi sel organisme biologis. Lbh kecil dari sel 0,2 mikron. Virus Menginfeksi sel eukariota Fage sel prokariota Terdiri dari satu jenis protein dan asam
inti DNA atau RNA
Morfologi Fage Memiliki inti asam nukleat yang ditutupi oleh
selubung protein kapsid Kapsid terdiri dari sejumlah subunit protein
protomer
Morfologi Fage Dikelompokan dalam 6 tipe
Komponen
A B C D E F
Kepala heksagonal
v v v Tersusun oleh
kapsomer besar
Kapsomer kecil
Filamen
Ekor kaku
v v Lbh pendek
dari kepala
- -
Seludang kontraktil
v - - - -
Serabut ekor
v v/- v/- -
Daftar Pustaka
Cooper, Giaroffrey M. 2000. The Cell 2nd edition A Molecular Approach. Boston University
Gartner,Leslie P., James L. Hiatt, & Judy M. Strum. 2003. Board Review Series Cell Biology and Histology 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams % Wilkins.
Junqueira,L.Carlos. Carneiro, Jose. and Kelley, O. Robert. Histology Dasar edisi 8. Jakarta: EGC.
Pelczar, Michael J,Jr. and E.C.S Chan. 1986 Dasar-Dasar Biologi. Jakarta: UI-Press.
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