Cell Transport Concept Map

Using the terms and phrases provided below, complete the concept map showing the characteristics of cell transport

>/Active transport v Concentration gradients

Ehdocytosis Facilitated diffusion

v Ion channels '•Passive transport

•vlTP ^Sodium-potassium pump

includes

Vocabulary Matching

Match definitions below to the correct vocabulary term.

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1. Movement of a substance down the substance's concentration gradient.

2. Carrier protein used in active transport.

3. Protein used to transport specific substances.

4. Movement of a substance by vesicle to the outside of a cell.

5. Movement of a substance by vesicle to the inside of a cell.

6. Does not require energy from the cell.

7. Natural state of plant cells in which the central vacuole contents exert pressure against the cell wall.

8. Concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space.

9. Difference in the concentration of a substance across a space.

10. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

11. When a plant cell loses water, causing the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall.

a. passive transport M- turgid p. concentration

gradient equilibrium diffusion osmosis isotonic solution

fa. ion channel plasmolysis transport protein facilitated diffusion active transport

rrf. sodium-potassium pump endocytosis exocytosis

. hypertonic solution

. hypotonic solution

d.

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12 Passive transport using carrier proteins.

13. Produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis.

14. Movement of a substance against the substance's concentration gradient.

15. Membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through.

Y>\ In /"\. , the,c^ceir£ration otsqlutes inside the ceJMs^high^fth^^ " solutes outside the-cell\ y ""*

17. The concentration of solutes in a. is lower outside the cell than inside the cell.

Multiple Choice

1. Which of these describes the primary function of cell membranes? They allow certain molecules to enter and exit the cell.

b. They allow all molecules to enter and exit the cell. c. They do not allow molecules to enter or exit the cell. d. They allow all molecules to enter the cell, but not exit.

2. The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called a. Dynamic equilibrium c. Nonrandom movement b. Concentration gradient fd.piffusion

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3. Diffusion occurs because of a. Nonrandom movement of particles b. Random movement of particles c. A chemical reaction between particles d. Chemical energy

4. When a few drops of colored corn syrup are added to a beaker of pure corn syru p, the color will a. Move from low concentration to high concentration b. Form a polar bond c. Remain on the bottom of the beaker d. Start to diffuse

5. Diffusion can be accelerated by a. Decreasing the pressure

(bj Increasing the temperature '"*'€. Decreasing the movement of particles d. increasing the dynamic equilibrium

6. When materials pass into and out of a cell at equal rates, there is no net change in concentration inside the cell. The cell is in a state of

'JL) Dynamic equilibrium c. Metabolism b. Imbalance d. Inertia

7. The difference in concentration of a substance across space is called a. Dynamic equilibrium c. Diffusion

$y\ Concentration gradient d. Brownian motion

The U-shaped tube in the figure below is divided by a membrane that is impermeable to starch but permeable to water. Which of the following will occur?

A) Water will move from the right to the left.

§Water will move from the left to the right. Starch will move from the right to the left.

D) Starch will move from the left to the right. E) Nothing will happen. The membrane blocks the passage of all the molecules.

Membrane

9. Wallway is a new general herbicide for aquatic plants. Its main ingredient is a marine salt solution. It is effective against freshwater but not saltwater plants. It works by breaking down the cell walls of the plants. The freshwater plants dies because their cells

A) swell and burst. shrink and cease to function.

C) remain the same size but malfunction. D) are crushed by the weight of the plant.

10. Two beakers (below) are connected by a tube partioned by a membrane permeable to water but not to protein. Which one of the following statements best describes what will happened to this system? 4. f* ~\ % f*

A) Water will only move from A to B. B) Water will only move from B to A. C) Water will move equally in both directions so that there will be no net change in the system.

C D))Water will move in both directions, but the net flow will be from A to B. h) Water will move in both directions, but the net flow will be from B to A.

11. What will happen to an onion cell in a hypotonic solution? a. Plasmolysis ,«f/«f€4 /

b. Cell ruptures \ — 1 J

c. Increased turgidity _ j

12. A red blood cellj; has a salt concentration of 0.9%. What will happen if it is placed into a 0.8% salt solution? The red blood cell will

A) shrink if its membrane is permeable to both the salt and the water. B) shrink if its membrane is impermeable to the salt and permeable to the water. CJ maintain its shape, ie nothing will happen.

((D) swell and probably burst because its membrane is impermeable to salt and permeable to water. E) swell and probably burst because its membrane is impermeable to water and permeable to salt.

Name XEti Period

Fill In the Blanks Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage:

tlrocose Plasma membrane Homeostasis .Organism Balance Selective permeability.

Living cells maintain a ttLLtif^-CX- by controlling material that enter and leave. Without

this ability, the cell cannot maintain

internal concentrations of water,

_ and will die. The cell must regulate

, and other nutrients and must eliminate

waste products. Homeostasis in a cell is maintained by the .; which allows only

certain particles to pass through and keeps other particles out. This property of a membrane is

known as tX.4ni1ffiJPi.ufU. It allows different cells to carry on different activities within the same

Short Answer

1. Compare (tell how they are similar) and contrast (state how they are different) the terms diffusion and osmosis. '•

For questions 2-4: A cell that is 98% water is placed into the following environments. Draw a diagram to represent each scenario. Answer each question and indicate whether each solution is hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic.

A solution of 100% water:. :r movement?

U a. What is the direction of water i

' i n t o Wl ClAl b. Does the cell shrink, swell, or have no change in solution? lA50?a \

3. A solution of 10% sucrose: a. How much water is in the outside environment?

b. What is the direction of water movement?

c. Does the cell shrink, swell, or have no change in size?

4. A solution of 2% sucrose: _ a. How much water is in the outside environment?

q g % mam, b. What is the direction of water movement?

r\o K)er iwwphwjt c. Does the cell shrink, swell, or have no change in size?

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5. Examine the beakers in the diagram below.

Beaker A Beaker B Beaker C 100 % Water 90 % Water _wO% Water

10% Sugar 40% Sugar

a. What is the solute concentration of Beaker A?

b. What is the solvent concentration of Beaker C?

c. What would the solvent concentration be for a solution that is isotonic to Beaker B?

6. Below is a diagram of a ceil submerged in a solution.

a. What is the solution in this example -hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic?

b. How do fou know?

c. What process is1 going to take place in this example? (diffusion or osmosis)

osmosis d. Describe exactly what is going to

happen to the cell in this example.

This membrane is NOT permeable to sugar

30% Sugar

70% jl 3& Suga r | |4 20

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7. The cell in this beaker is bathed in a 5% NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not to NaCi

a. In which direction is the net movement of water here? " * J l i - f i r \ f i i f\r\\\

b. How will this affect the cell?

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0.9% NaCl

5% NaCl

8. Three funnels containing three different starch solutions were placed for 24 hours into a beaker that: contained a starch solution of UNKNOWN concentration. The end of each funnel was covered by a selectively permeable membrane.

Selectively Permeable Memhranp

UNKNOWN Solution

Tap UA, 2% Starch 4% Starch Water Solution Solution

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START AFTER 24 HOURS

a. What can you say about the concentration of the solution in the beaker based on the results shown in the diagram?

A U-tube is divided into 2 halves, A and B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to water and salt, but NOT to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 8% salt and 2% glucose, while side B is filled with 2% salt and 8% glucose.

a.

b.

c.

d.

In terms of glucose concentration, which side is a hypotonic solution?

What could you say about the water concentration on side A relative to side B?

i U

8% Salt

2% Glucose

Side A

0-_Q

i 11±*J 2% Salt

8% Glucose

SideB

Which molecule(s) will move across the membrane and in which net direction(s)?

Notice that the levels of liquid m bothA and B are equal. Do you thmk they will appear this way when the system reaches equilibrium? Explain.

10. In the U-tube diagram below, the membrane is permeable to solute A; however, it is NOT permeable to solute Z.

a. What is going to happen to solute A (both direction and percentages)?

b. What is going to happen to solute Z (both direction and percentages)?

c. What is going to happen to the water levels, specifically?

11. Study the diagrams of the beakers to the right, noting the concentrations of various substances in the beakers and in the cellulose bags. Water molecules can pass through the cellulose, but starch cannot pass through.

a. Draw arrows in the diagrams to show the direction in which water will move.

90% Water 10% Starch

90% Water 10% Starch

b. Which of the beakers contains a solution that is hypertonic relative to the bag's contents?

What will eventually happen to the concentrations in beaker 2?

100% Water 80% Water 20% Starch

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12. Intravenous solutions must be prepared so that they are isotonic to red blood cells. A 0.9% salt solution is isotonic to red blood cells.

a. Explain what will happen to a red blood cell placed in a solution of 99.3% water and 0.7% salt. . 1 -• , - v 1

ct • -b. What will happen to a red blood cell placed in a solution of 90% water and 10% salt?

13. The direction in which water molecules move during osmosis depends on where the water molecules are more highly concentrated. Study the diagrams below.

, a. Decide whether the solution in each beaker is hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic in relation to the solution inside the cellulose bag, then write your answer below each beaker.

b. Draw arrows to indicate the direction in which the water will move in each case.

90% Water 10% Starch

80% Water 20% Glucose

90% Water 10% Starch

a . - , ,

I 1 M

-

80% Water 20% Glucose

100% Water 90% Water 10% Starch

14. Use your understanding of osmosis to explain the following observations: a. You feel very thirsty after eating a large popcorn at the movies.

b. The grocery store keeps vegetables fresh and crunchy by spraying them with water. , ...

c. A few minutes after sprinkling cut strawberries with siigar, the strawberries are covered with sweet juice.

15. Matching

/ 1 Causes plasmolysis

C, Causes lysis

C* Makes cell turgid

Cell becomesshriveled

Ideal solution for animal cells

J2s_ Ideal solution for plant cells

»Cell becomes flaccid

A. Hypertonic Solution B. Isotonic Solution C. Hypotonic Solution

1