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Cell Structure and Function

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Page 1: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

Cell Structure and Function

Page 2: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

II. Two Types of Cells1. Prokaryotes

i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular – made of one celliii. No cellular organs (organelles)iv. Ex: bacteria

Page 3: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

2. Eukaryotes i. DNA is held in the nucleusii. Contains organellesiii. Eukaryotic cells are MUCH BIGGER then

Prokaryotic cells.iv. Can be multicellular or unicellular v. Ex: animals, plants, fungi, protist

Page 4: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

III. Discovery of Cells1. Robert Hooke

i. British scientist who first observed and named cells

ii. studied bark of trees in 16652. Virchow

i. Russian Scientist came up with the Cell Theory:1. All organisms are composed of one

or more cells2. The cell is the basic unit of

organization3. All cells come from preexisting

cells

Page 5: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

IV. What are Organelles?I. Tiny organs of a Eukaryotic cellII. Most organelles have an outer membrane layer.

i. Membranes are made of lipidsii. The lipid membranes keep the inside of the organelle

separate from the outside. (like a wall)III. Each Organelle has a job to do.IV. There are a lot of different organelles.

Page 6: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

1. Plasma membranei. Structure and Securityii. Surrounds the entire celliii. Made of Phospholipids and Proteins

Page 7: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

2. *Cell Wall- (Plants Only)i. Used for structure (Helps plants stand up)ii. Surrounds the entire cell (even the plasma

membrane) iii. Like a solid wall

Page 8: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

3. Cytoplasm- Work Area (Not really an organelle)

i. The fluid that makes up the inside of the cell.

ii. Organelles and proteins work in this space.

Page 9: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

4. Nucleus- main officei. Where the DNA is kept.

a. DNA is the blueprint for making proteins

ii. Ribosomes are made in the nucleus.

Page 10: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

5. Ribosomes- worker-bees i. They help make proteins

Page 11: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)i. Two Types

a. Rough ER- Finishes protein- Specialized proteins are completed here and shipped off to other parts of the cell.

i. Located next to the nucleus.ii. Where ribosomes are located.

b. Smooth ER- Makes Lipids / Breakdown toxins

Page 12: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

7. Golgi Complexi. Package & ships proteins to other parts

of the cell.a. Golgi receives and sends proteins in

objects called Vesicles.

Page 13: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

8. Lysosomes i. recycling & waste removal

a. Can break up food particles into smaller parts for cell to use.

b. Can break down old useless organelles

Page 14: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

9. *Chloroplast (Plants Only)i. Converts light into Carbohydrates.

a. Carbohydrates are used by the cell for energy!

Page 15: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

10. Mitochondriai. Provides cell with energy!

a. Does this by breaking down Carbohydrates.

Page 16: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

11. Vacuole i. Stores water and waste/toxinsii. In plants, puts pressure against the cell

wall to keep cell rigid.

Page 17: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

12. Cilia & Flagellai. Cillia - catches particlesii. Flagella - used for movement.

Page 18: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

1.

7. “Flat Pancakes”

6. “Cutting Body”

2. DNA is held there

3. “little black dots found on Rough ER” 5.

4. Cell Boundary line

Page 19: Cell Structure and Function. II. Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotes i. NO NUCLEUS- DNA is floating freely inside cell! ii. Smallest cells / unicellular

Comparison of Animal and Plant cells

Plant-likeAnimal-like

Fungus-like

Lysosome

Vesicle


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