Bell Ringer

Please take out your vocab so I can come around

and check it.

Please take out your new cell processes and

Energy note packet

Answer the following questions in your science

journal

1. How do plants get food?

2. How do animals get food?

Cell

Processes

and Energy

Sources of Energy How do living things get energy?

Dr. Binocs Photosynthesis Ted Ed Photosynthesis

Plants get energy from the sun while animals get

energy from other animals or plants.

Lion eats

zebra

Zebra eats grass

Grass uses sun

to make their

own food

Dire

ct

Direct

IndirectIndirect

Photosynthesis Autotrophs make their own food (ex. Plants make

their own food through photosynthesis).

Heterotrophs cannot make their own food and

therefore eat other organisms for energy. (Ex. Lion

eating a zebra)

Photosynthesis The process by

which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food.

Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis.

Bell Ringer

Please take out your prediction questions from

Friday’s activity

-do you observe any changes?

-Did your predictions come true?

Evidence for Photosynthesis1. You exhaled Carbon Dioxide

(CO2) into the test tube which

changed the color from

____________ to _________________

2. I put a water plant in the test

tube. This turned the color from

____________ to _________________.

Plants use ________________ and

release ___________________ gas

into the atmosphere.

.

What can you conclude from this? ____________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Photosynthesis

During photosynthesis plants and some other

organisms use energy from the sun to convert

carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugar

Photosynthesis takes place in two stages.

Stage 1:

Capturing

the Sun’s

Energy

Stage 2:

Using

Energy to

Make

Food

Stage 1: Capturing the Sun’s Energy

Energy is captured in the plant’s leaves by

chlorophyll and uses to power the the second

stage of photosynthesis

What is chlorophyll? Chlorophyll is the photosynthetic pigment in

chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is what makes chloroplasts and the plant’s leaves green.

Stage 2: Using Energy to Make Food

Carbon dioxide enters the plant through small openings on the undersides of the leaves called stomata.

The plants roots absorb water from the soil and move up the plant to the leaves.

Water and carbon dioxide move into the chloroplasts where they undergo chemical reactions powered from the energy captured in stage 1

Stage 2: Using Energy to Make FoodOxygen (O2)is also produced which exits the leaf through the stomata.

These chemical reactions produce products such as a six carbon sugar called glucose (C6H12O6). This is used for energy to drive cell functions

Photosynthesis Equation

The events of photosynthesis can be summarized in

a chemical equation

ProductsReactants

1. Carbon

Dioxide 2. Water 3. Sugar 4. Oxygen

Dr. Bionics Photosynthesis

Bell Ringer

Take out your cell processes notes

Please take out your photosynthesis Summary

homework. We are going over it right away as a

class

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Light Energy is

absorbed

from the sun

by the

chlorophyll in

the

chloroplasts

Carbon

Dioxide

(CO2) enters

the leaves

through the

stomata

Water (H2O) enters

through the roots and

moves up to the

leaves

Oxygen (O2)

is given off or

released

through the

stomata

Glucose

(C6H12O6) is

made inside

the leaf and

used for

energy

Cellular Respiration Equation

Plants make their own glucose from photosynthesis

Animals get glucose from food

The oxygen comes from the air breathed in or water

surrounding the organisms.

Is this the photosynthesis equation? NO!

What do you notice about this equation?

*It’s the photosynthesis equation but backwards….

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

* Eliminate waste and create energy!

Cellular Respiration

The process of how cells get energy from glucose.

Cells break down simple food molecules like sugar and release the energy they contain.

Both plant and animal cells continually respire.

What does the term

respiration remind you of?

brain pop

Is cellular respiration the

same thing as respiration

like breathing?

Cellular Respiration Plant and animal cells can store energy just like you

can store money in a bank. Carbohydrates are stored until cells are ready to “withdraw” it by breaking down the carbohydrate through respiration.

Just like photosynthesis cellular respiration is a two-

stage process.

Cellular Respiration: Stage 1 Molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller

molecules inside the cytoplasm of the cell.

No oxygen is involved yet

Very small amount of energy is released.

Lets Draw it!

Cellular Respiration: Stage 2 Small molecules are broken down even further inside

the mitochondria of the cell.

These chemical reactions need oxygen and

therefore release a massive amount of energy.

Water and carbon dioxide are produced from this

process and diffuse out of the cell.

Lets Draw it!

What do you notice about the

photosynthesis and respiration equations?

Bell Ringer

Please take out your cell processes notes

Answer the following question in your science

journal

1. What is the photosynthesis Equation?

2. What is the cellular respiration equation?

3. How do they work together?

Turn in any lab corrections

How does this

small pumpkin

become a large

pumpkin?

How does this

piglet grow into

an adult pig?

The Cell Cycle

The cells in your body can grow and divide. This

process of growth and division is called the cell

cycle.

During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for

division and divides into two new cells called

“daughter cells”

There are three stages to the cell cycle;

Interphase

Mitosis

Cytokinesis Youtube Cell Cycle

Twig Cell Cycle

The Cell Cycle Not only does the cell divide but the cell’s DNA

needs to divide so that each new cell has a copy.

The DNA is the cells genetic material and it will condense into tightly coiled structures called chromosomes.

Those chromosomes are found inside the nucleus of the cell

Gene DNA Chromosome

Structure of DNA DNA looks like a spiral staircase. It is composed of

sugar, phosphates and nitrogen bases

Sugar = Deoxyribose

Phosphates

Nitrogen Bases=

Adenine (A)

Thymine (T)

Guanine (G)

Cytosine (C)

Cancer What is cancer?

Why do cells need to divide?

A disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.

Ex. Weeds

To repair and replace old damaged cells

What happens when the cells stop dividing?

That’s aging!

What happens when the cells wont stop dividing or they divide

How Cancer

Begins Something

damages a portion of the DNA in a chromosome.

The damage causes a change in the DNA which is called a mutation.

Cancer begins when mutations disrupt the normal

cell cycle, causing cells to divide in an

uncontrolled way

So what is a tumor?

A mass of abnormal cells that develops when

cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollable.

So how do you treat cancer?

Surgery, radiation and drugs such as

chemotherapy.