Cell Organelles

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Cell Boundaries

1) Plasma Membrane – semi-permeable membrane

2) Cell Wall - Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria have this additional

boundary- Located outside the plasma membrane- Provides additional support and protection

(cellulose) - Allows molecules to pass through (no selection)

Cytoplasm• Clear, jelly-like fluid that supports the cell,

site of chemical reactions, houses all of the other organelles

Nucleus

• Controls cell processes (making proteins is the main function of cells)

• Contains DNA• Membrane surrounding

nucleus has pores to allow RNA, ribosomes to exit

Nucleolus• Inside nucleus

• Makes ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Highly folded membranes suspended in the cytoplasm

• Site of cellular chemical reactions (workbench)

2 types:1) Rough ER – area on ER where ribosomes

attach, make proteins and transports proteins (cellular highway)

2) Smooth ER – area where no ribosomes are attached, makes lipids, transports proteins, breaks down harmful substances

Ribosomes• Found bound to rough

ER and free-floating in the cytoplasm

• Site of protein synthesis (protein assembly) according to directions from the nucleus

Golgi Apparatus

• Flattened system of tubular membranes

• Modifies proteins by attaching carbohydrates and lipids

• Sends them to appropriate place in the cell in packages called vesicles

• “Post-Office”

Chloroplasts• Only in plants• Contain the green

pigment Chlorophyll

• Site of photosynthesis -

chlorophyll captures light energy to produce food

Vacuoles

• Sac-like structure

• Plants contain 1 large one, while animals have many small

• Storage of water, food and/or waste

Lysosomes• Contain digestive enzymes to break-down old organelles, food, viruses,

and bacteria• Only animal cells• “Clean-up” crew

Centrioles• Animal cells only

Made of microtubules

• Involved in cellular reproduction

Mitochondria

• Transform energy for the cell

• “Powerhouse”• In plants and

animals• Found in varying

numbers depending on the cell type (ex. Muscle cells have many)

Cytoskeleton• Provides

structure and support

• Works like poles of a tent

• Assists organelles in moving around the cell

Cilia• Short, hair-like fibers (protein based) that move in a wave-like motion to propel (move) the cell or materials along surface of cell

parameciumTracheal cells (#3 is mucous particle)

Flagella• Long, whip-like projections that propel the cell

• Protein based

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