cell cycle what goes wrong in cancer? - microsoft€¦ · to appreciate cancer as a disease of...
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Cell cyclewhat goes wrong in cancer?Prof. Charlotte Moser
Weinberg: The Biology of Cancer, 2nd. 2014.
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Learning Objectives
To see the cell in the context of tissue, organs and our body
To understand the cell cycle as an “engine” or “clock”
What provokes cancer
To appreciate the central role of signaling proteins
To appreciate cancer as a disease of impaired cell cycle exit
and altered cellular differentiation
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Staring with 1 cell getting a unique combination of millions of cells: a human body
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The cell
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stem cells
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Cell multiplication
SkinBloodBowelLungBladderProstateBreast
in contrast toBoneBrainNervesHeartVesselsLiverKidney
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Risk of errors in DNA replication
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DNA repair
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Repair not always sufficient
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Cancer is a genetic disease
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Cell control
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mesothelioma
sarcoma
myeloma
leukaemia
lymphoma
carcinoma
uncontrolled cell growth
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Cell damage
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Smoking is the leading cause of cancer and death.
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Multiple mutations
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Cancer growth
Uncontrolled growthInvasion in surrounding tissueCapacity to migrate
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Cancer growth
Creation of own blood supplyCreation of own sugar supply
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Different changes
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How to escape check points
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cell cycle is a“clock” drivenby the enzymatic activity of cell cycle phase-specific cyclinsand cyclin-dependent kinases
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A tumor suppressor gene, or anti-oncogene, is a gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer. When this gene mutates to cause a loss or reduction in its function, the cell can progress to cancer, usually in combination with other genetic changes.
P53, Rb, p16, BRCA
Break taken away
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Proto-oncogenes are genes that normally help cells grow. When it mutates (changes), it becomes a "bad" gene that can become permanently turned on and the cell grows out of control, which can lead to cancer.
Cyclin D, HER2, Myc, RAS, BCL
Growth turned ON
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Drugs?
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NO activity in G1
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More selective drugs
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DOSEFRACTIONsTARGETING
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Learning Objectives
To see the cell in the context of tissue, organs and our body
To understand the cell cycle as an “engine” or “clock”
What provokes cancer
To appreciate the central role of signaling proteins Oncogenes
tumor suppressors
To appreciate cancer as a disease of impaired cell cycle exit
and altered cellular differentiation