celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
TRANSCRIPT
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
Remigiusz Pospieszynski
Department of Physics,Umea University
October 10, 2008
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
HistoryTheory
Contents1 Introduction
HistoryTheory
2 Getting to the stars...RocketsPlots of orbits
3 ...and staying there.Aerobrake
4 ConclusionsReferences
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
HistoryTheory
What is celestial mechanics?
Branch of astrophysics that deals with the motions of celestialobjects: stars, galaxies, planets, (artificial) satellites, etc.. The fieldapplies principles of physics to produce ephemeris data.
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
HistoryTheory
History
Started probably when human discovered movement on thecelestial sphere, however, problem of planetary motion has beenknown to Babylonian astronomers (3000 yrs bp).
Notable astronomers in the field
Aristarchus of Samos — creator of the heliocentric model,“proved” later by Seleucus of Seleucia;
Claudius Ptolemy — author of the Almages, explainedepicycles;
Nicolaus Copernicus ;
Galileo Galilei ;
Johannes Kepler ;
Isaac Newton;
Joseph-Louis Lagrange.
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
HistoryTheory
Newton’s cannonball
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
HistoryTheory
Escape velocity
EEarth = Ep + Ek = mgr +mv2
2, (1)
E∞ =mv2∞
2, (2)
mgr +mv2
2=
mv2∞
2, (3)
v∞ =√
2gr . (4)
√2 · 9.81 · 6, 357, 000
[m2
s2
]= 11, 356
[m
s
]≈ 11.4
[km
s
].
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
HistoryTheory
Types of orbits
Centric classifications: galactocentric, heliocentric, geocentric,areocentric, lunar...
Altitude classifications: LEO, MEO, GEO, HEO...
Inclination classifications: polar, equatorial...
Eccentricity classifications: circular, elliptic, parabolic,hiperbolic...
Synchronous classifications: synchronous, geosynchronous,supersynchronous (disposal/graveyard), heliosynchronous...
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
HistoryTheory
Main types of orbits
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
HistoryTheory
Lagrange points
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
Rocket...
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
...rocket...
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
...ROCKET!
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
Space Launch Facilities
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
Hohmann transfer
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
Bi-elliptic transfer
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
Gravitational slingshot
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
Cassini’s “tour”
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
RocketsPlots of orbits
Venus Express
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
Aerobrake
Mars Reconnaissance orbiter
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
Aerobrake
Apollo Command Module
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
References
Conlusions
1 In order to send a spaceship to a celestial body one mustknow precise locations of all bodies involved.
2 Very precise timing is crucial for the good fortune of anymission.
3 Longer route can take less time than shorter.
4 When the target body has no atmosphere you need to takeyour fuel with you.
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
References
Thank you for your attention!Presentation available at www.dywanik.eu
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton’s cannonball
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low Earth orbit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange points
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket
http://www.arianespace.com
http://maps.google.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohmann transfer orbit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-elliptic transfer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational slingshot
http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight
IntroductionGetting to the stars...
...and staying there.Conclusions
References
http://www.astronomy.com/asy/default.aspx?c=a&id=3649
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interplanetary travel
Remigiusz Pospieszynski Celestial mechanics in an interplanetary flight