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CCOT OF GERMANY 1850-1975 By: Lily Vigtel, Zeke Day, and Cade Lawson

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BEGINNING SITUATION 1850 Prussia was ruled by Otto von Bismarck. He used Prussian industry and German nationalism to rise as a dominant power. In 1866, Prussia defeated Austria. However, Prussia did not take any Austrian territory. Prussia and several smaller states formed the Northern German Confederation.

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CONTINUITY #1 Unification of Prussia. Germany created and remains to this day. In 1871 most of the German speaking people unified into a single state. German speaking countries consisted of Prussia, half of Austria, and several smaller states. Unification of Prussia leads to a national sense of an individual identity. In 1933 Hitler became the dictator of Germany. The Treaty of Versailles humiliated Germany, so Hitler promoted German nationalism and gained popular support as leader of the Nazi party.

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CONTINUITY #2 Same cultural makeup of citizens An Aryan race provided the German citizens a sense of unity and homogeneity. Hitler unified Germany in WWII under this same idea. Japan also used this idea to unite its culture in the years prior to WWII, shutting down trade and immigration.

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CHANGE #1 Economic Depression after World War The Treaty of Versailles caused Germany to get rid of its air force and greatly reduce its army. Germany was also forced to give up large portions of land to Poland Germany was forced to take full responsibility for World War1, so they were forced to pay 132 billion gold marks to cover civilian damage during the war. German government printed so much money that caused severe inflation. German money had lost its value, so it took a wheel barrow full of money to buy a single loaf of bread.

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Change #2 Rise of the Nazi Party: Economic depression in Germany after WWI allowed Adolf Hitler to begin a strong campaign with his Nazi Party, eventually becoming chancellor of Germany in 1933. Before the Nazi Party took over, Germany was under the control of the Communist Party. People became frustrated with the low income and lack of food across the country. They remembered the days of totalitarian rule in Germany as being much more prosperous, which fueled their support of the Nazi Party. Hitler was able to use German hatred of the Jewish race to rally support in his favor. People across the nation already thought of them as biologically and racially distinct and struggling for control of power, but Hitler was able to persuade the public that they were the reason for Germany losing WWI and for the economic crisis. This would lead to the Holocaust.

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CHANGE #3 Division of Germany after World War II After the end of the war in1945, Germany split into different sectors. East Germany and West Germany. East Germany became an ally of the Soviet Union and West Germany became an ally the US and Britain. The US and Western Europe established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949. This was a military alliance against the Soviet Union. However, the Soviet Union establishes their own military alliance known as the Warsaw Pact. West Germany was part of NATO whereas East Germany was part of the Warsaw Pact. In 1961 the Berlin wall was built to separate East and West Berlin. People from East Berlin tried to escape into West Berlin because the conditions were so bad.

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END SITUATION 1975 By 1975, Germany was nation still trying to rebuild from the massive losses of population and resources that they sustained during World War II. Sanctions from the Allied Powers reduced the army and navy of Germany, all but demilitarizing the country. Citizens of Germany were still living under the terms of the Yalta Conference in 1945 which divided the nation into East and West Germany. Specifically, the Berlin Wall was still dividing the capital people in Soviet-controlled communist East Berlin struggled to live, lacking necessary things such as food and basic freedom, while West Berlin remained under the control of democratic nations. Germany was a nation divided, and would stay that way until the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990.

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Bibliography Bulliet, Richard W., Pamela K. Crossley, Daniel R. Headrick, Steven W. Hirsch, David Northrup, and Lyman L. Johnson. The Earth And Its Peoples. AP ed. Vol. 5. Wadworth: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. "Germany." Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, 22 June 2014. Web. 11 Feb. 2015. Richman, Sheldon. "The Consequences of World War II." Explore Freedom. The Future of Freedom Foundation, 01 Nov. 1991. Web. 22 Mar. 2015. "The Yalta Conference, 1945 - 19371945 - Milestones - Office of the Historian." The Yalta Conference, 1945 - 19371945 - Milestones. Office of the Historian, n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.