ccna preparation

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CCNA Certification Preparation

Rick Graziani

Cabrillo College

[email protected]

Updated: 1-1-2007



Rick Graziani [email protected] 2

About the CCNA Exam




About the CCNA Exam

� Cisco: http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le3/le2/le0/le9/learning_certification_type_home.html




About the CCNA Exam

CCNA Exam Options� Path #1Passing the CCNA 640-801 exam.

Path #2Passing the INTRO 640-821 exam and ICND 640-811 exam.

� The CCNA Certification is valid for three years.

� Renewing a valid CCNA certification.

± ³Successful completion of the CCNA 640-801 or ICND 640-811exams will extend the date that the CCNA certification is valid bythree years from the exam date.´

± ³Also, successful completion of any exam bearing the prefix 642-xxx (CCNP) will renew the CCNA certification for three years fromthe exam date.´

� It is NOT possible to renew a certification after the expiration date haspassed.

� All Cisco certification exams are administered through Cisco Test

Delivery Partners, Prometric and Pearson VUE, worldwide.




Career Certification Tracking System




How to Prepare

� Register twice for the exam ± Don¶t forget to cancel if you

pass the first time!

± Don¶t tell anyone you are

taking it

� Cisco Press CCNA Exam

Certification Guide

± ³Do I know this already?´ ± ³Q&A´

� There are other books as well.




CCNA Prep Center




CCNA Prep Center

� CCNA Practice Questions

� Exam Interface Tutorial

� Labs and Simulations




CCNA Prep Center ± Practice Questions




CCNA Prep Center ± ICND Questions




CCNA Prep Center ± Exam Interface Tutorial

This is more important than you may think!





Enable password should be given, but it is either cl ass

or c isc o.

Should say ³Show topology´




Other Resources ± My Web Site

� www.cabrillo.edu/~rgraziani ± Username = cisco

± Password = perlman




Other Resources ± My Web Site

� Username = cisco� Password = perlman




Packet Tracer




How to take the Exam

� Schedule it during a good time for you. ± Not after work

± When you have time to prepare

± It is a difficult exam





� Exam is typically: ± 56 questions

± 90 minutes

± 2 or 3 simulation questions (take no more than 10

minutes for each one) ± Leaves only about 1 minute per question!

± Use good time management.

± Know if you had the 3 simulation questions or not.

± Do not leave any questions unanswered! ± Cannot go back to a question

± Pencil and Paper Provided





� Some questions include a combination of: ± Topology

± Router and/or Switch outputs

± Router and/or Switch running-configs

± Scenario ± Question

± Answers

� If there is more than one answer, boxes are used and thenumber of correct answers is given.

± e.g. (Choose three)





� Simulations ± Limit your time

± Don¶t get frustrated if you cannot figure it out

� Know your outputs ± show ip eigrp topology

± Routing Table: Administrative distances

± Etc.





� BEFORE you take the exam, PREPARE128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1




CCNA Exam Topics

� Cisco Press Exam Certification Guide ± 1. LAN Switching Review and Configuring Cisco 2950 LAN

Switches.

± 2. Spanning Tree Protocol.

± 3. Virtual LANs and Trunking.

± 4. IP Addressing and Subnetting. ± 5. RIP, IGRP , and Static Route Concepts and Configuration.

± 6. OSPF and EIGRP Concepts and Configuration.

± 7. Advanced Routing Protocol Topics.

± 8. Advanced TCP/IP Topics.

± 9. Point-to-Point Leased Line Implementation.

± 10. ISDN and Dial-on-Demand Routing.

± 11. Frame Relay.

� (Not on Exam)




Part I - LAN Switching

1. LAN Switching Review and Configuring Cisco 2950 LANSwitches.

� Foundation Topics

� Brief Review of LAN Switching.

± The Forward-Versus-Filter Decision.

± How Switches Learn MAC Addresses.

± Forwarding Unknown Unicasts and Broadcasts.

± LAN Switch Logic Summary.

� Basic Configuration and Operation Commands for the

Cisco 2950 Switch. ± Basic Switch Operation.

± Typical Basic Administrative Configuration.

± Port Security Configuration.





2 Spanning Tree Protocol.

� Foundation Topics.� Spanning Tree Protocol.

± What IEEE 802.1d Spanning Tree Does.

± How Spanning Tree Works.

± Electing the Root and Discovering Root Ports and Designated Ports.

± Reacting to Changes in the Network.

± Spanning Tree Protocol Summary.

± Optional STP Features.� EtherChannel.

� PortFast.

� Rapid Spanning Tree (IEEE 802.1w).

± RSTP Link and Edge Types.

± RSTP Port States. RSTP Port Roles.

± RSTP Convergence.

± Edge-Type Behavior and PortFast.� Link-Type

� Shared.

� Link-Type Point-to-Point.

� Spanning Tree Protocol Configuration.

± Basic STP show Commands.

± Changing STP Port Costs and Bridge Priority.

± EtherChannel Configuration.





3. Virtual LANs and Trunking.� Foundation Topics.

� Review of Virtual LAN Concepts.

� Trunking with ISL and 802.1Q.

± ISL.

± 802.1Q.

± ISL and 802.1Q Compared.

� VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP).

± How VTP Works.

± VTP Pruning.

� VLAN and Trunking Configuration.

± VLAN Configuration for a Single Switch.

± VLAN Trunking Configuration.




Part II ± TCP/IP

4. IP Addressing and Subnetting.

� Foundation Topics.

� IP Addressing Review.

± IP Subnetting.

� Analyzing and Interpreting IP Addresses and Subnets.

± Math Operations Used to Answer Subnetting Questions.

± Converting IP Addresses from Decimal to Binary and Back Again.

± The Boolean AND Operation. Prefix Notation.

� How Many Hosts and How Many Subnets?

� What Is the Subnet Number, and What Are the IP Addresses in theSubnet?

± Finding the Subnet Number.

± Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address.

± Finding the Range of Valid IP Addresses in a Subnet.

± Finding the Answers Without Using Binary.

� Which Subnet Masks Meet the Stated Design Requirements?

� What Are the Other Subnet Numbers?




Part II ± TCP/IP

5. RIP, IGRP , and Static Route Concepts and Configuration.

� Foundation Topics.� Configuring and Testing Static Routes.

± Configuring Static Routes.

± Extended ping Command.

� Distance Vector Concepts.

± Distance Vector Loop-Avoidance Features.

� Route Poisoning.� Split Horizon.

� Split Horizon with Poison Reverse.

� Hold-Down Timer.

� Triggered (Flash) Updates.

± RIP and IGRP .

� Configuring RIP and IGRP . ± Basic RIP and IGRP Configuration.

� IGRP Configuration.

� IGRP Metrics.

± Examination of RIP and IGRP debug and show Commands. Issues WhenMultiple Routes to the Same Subnet Exist.




Part II ± TCP/IP

6. OSPF and EIGRP Concepts and Configuration.

� Foundation Topics.� Link-State Routing Protocol and OSPF Concepts.

± Steady-State Operation.

± Loop Avoidance.

± Scaling OSPF Through Hierarchical Design.

� OSPF Areas.� Stub Areas.

± Summary: Comparing Link-State and OSPF to Distance Vector Protocols.

� Balanced Hybrid Routing Protocol and EIGRP Concepts.

± EIGRP Loop Avoidance.

± EIGRP Summary.� OSPF Configuration.

± OSPF Single-Area Configuration.

± OSPF Configuration with Multiple Areas.

� EIGRP Configuration.




Part II ± TCP/IP

7. Advanced Routing Protocol Topics.� Foundation Topics.

� Route Summarization and Variable-Length Subnet Masks.

± Route Summarization Concepts.

± VLSM. ± Route Summarization Strategies.

� Classless Routing Protocols and Classless Routing.

± Classless and Classful Routing Protocols.

� Autosummarization. ± Classful and Classless Routing.

� Default Routes.

� Classless Routing.




Part II ± TCP/IP

8. Advanced TCP/IP Topics.

� Foundation Topics.� Scaling the IP Address Space for the Internet.

± CIDR.

± Private Addressing.

± Network Address Translation and Configuration

� Static NAT.

� Dynamic NAT.

� Overloading NAT with Port Address Translation (PAT).� Translating Overlapping Addresses.

� Miscellaneous TCP/IP Topics.

± Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

± ICMP Echo Request and Echo Reply.

± Destination Unreachable ICMP Message.

± Time Exceeded ICMP Message.

± Redirect ICMP Message.� Secondary IP Addressing.

� FTP and TFTP.

± FTP.

± TFTP.

� MTU and Fragmentation.

� ISL and 802.1Q Configuration on Routers.




Part III ± Wide Area Networks

9. Point-to-Point Leased Line Implementation.� Foundation Topics.

� Review of WAN Basics.

± Physical Components of Point-to-Point Leased Lines.

� Data-Link Protocols for Point-to-Point Leased Lines. ± HDLC and PPP Compared.

± HDLC and PPP Configuration.

± PPP-Specific Features.

� Looped Link Detection.� Enhanced Error Detection.

� Authentication Over WAN Links.

± PAP and CHAP Authentication.




Part III ± Wide Area Networks

11. Frame Relay.

� Foundation Topics.

� Frame Relay Protocols.

± Frame Relay Standards.

± Virtual Circuits.

± LMI and Encapsulation Types. ± DLCI Addressing Details.

± Network Layer Concerns with Frame Relay.

� Frame Relay Configuration.

± A Fully-Meshed Network with One IP Subnet.

� Frame Relay Address Mapping.

� A Partially-Meshed Network with One IP Subnet Per VC.

� A Partially-Meshed Network with Some Fully-Meshed Parts.




Part IV ± Network Security

12. IP Access Control List Security.� Foundation Topics.

� Standard IP Access Control Lists.

± IP Standard ACL Concepts.

� Wildcard Masks.

± Standard IP Access List Configuration.

� Extended IP Access Control Lists.

± Extended IP ACL Concepts.

± Extended IP ACL Configuration.

� Miscellaneous ACL Topics.

± Named IP Access Lists.

± Controlling Telnet Access with ACLs.

± ACL Implementation Considerations.




CCNP Certification

CCNP Exams & Recommended TrainingRequired Exam(s) and Recommended Training

� 642-801 BSCI

± Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI)

� 642-811 BCMSN ± Building Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks (BCMSN)

� 642-821 BCRAN

± Building Cisco Remote Access Networks (BCRAN)

� 642-831 CIT ± Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT)

C hanges«




Agenda

� First Hour ± Introduction

± About the CCNA Exam

± How to Prepare for the Exam

� Second Hour ± How to Take the Exam

± CCNA Exam Topics

± CCNP Certification

� Third hour ± Subnetting and VLSM





� BEFORE you take the exam, PREPARE128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1




Companion Document

� Use the companiondocument, Classless

Subnetting Explained, on

my web site.




Subnetting Worksheet ± Making it simple!




Example




Practice




VLSM 1




VLSM 1

255.255.255.240 or /28




VLSM 2

/30 ± Gives 4 addresses

- 2 usable host addresses




VLSM 2 ± Possible /30 options

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1.64 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

.96 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

.128 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

---------------------------------------.113 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

.145 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

.193 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

/27

/30




VLSM 2




VLSM 2 ± Our new VSLM Subnet

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

.64 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

.96 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

.128 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

----------------------------------------------

.192 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (Net)

.193 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (1st hst)

.194 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 (2nd hst)

.195 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 (Bcast)

/27

/30




VLSM 2 ± Other VLSM Subnets

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1.64 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

.96 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

.128 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

---------------------------------------

.192 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

.196 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

.200 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0

.204 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0

.208 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0

.212 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0

.216 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0

.220 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0

/30

/27



CCNA Certification

Rick Graziani

Cabrillo College

[email protected]

ccna preparation

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