The Education Division of Creative Commons

Ahrash N Bissell

ccLearn is a division of Creative Commons that is dedicated to supporting open learning and open educational resources (OER). Our mission is to minimize barriers to the creation, sharing, and reuse of educational materials—legal barriers, technical barriers, and social barriers.

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The world The world

is changing.is changing.

Learn

“Content is no longerlimited to the books, filmstrips, and videosassociated with classroom instruction; networkedcontent today provides a rich immersive learningenvironment incorporating accessible data usingcolorful visualizations, animated graphics, andinteractive applications.”

“Alongside thesetechnology improvements, “open educationalresources” offer learning content and softwaretools that support search, organization,interaction, and distribution of materials.”

“Increasingly,… the Web is beingrecognized as an enabler for collaborativecreation of significant information resources thataggregate contributions from hundreds orthousands of individuals.”

What is the future of education…?

“Adopt programs and policies to promote open educational resources. Materials funded by NSF should be made readily available on the web with permission for unrestricted reuse and recombination.”

http://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2008/nsf08204/nsf08204.pdf

What are Open Educational Resources?

Michael Reschke cba

available for anyone to use, share, and available for anyone to use, share, and adapt to suit their educational needs.adapt to suit their educational needs.

Michael Reschke cba

Open education depends on a high-quality pool of

freely licensed resources.

OER give learners access to a broad array

of knowledge materials...

Learn

Open education supports Open education supports • • formal educationformal education

• • informal educationinformal education • • lifelong learninglifelong learning

TebnaxtTebnaxthttp://www.flickr.com/photos/mimax/303567279/

by Max

Learn

Open education supports equal Open education supports equal education opportunity, education opportunity,

regardless of regardless of region, region, income, income,

or level of technology.or level of technology.

http://flickr.com/photos/vernhart/1511413221/ Vern HartRibna

.Learn

What makes resources OPEN? The ability to:The ability to:

• • AccessAccess • • ShareShare — Copy, Distribute, Display — Copy, Distribute, Display • • AdaptAdapt — Perform, Translate — Perform, Translate • • DeriveDerive — — RemixRemix

The openness of a resource increases with the permissions given. More permissions = More open.

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Learn

OER can be OER can be easily modified easily modified and adapted to and adapted to

different learning different learning circumstances.circumstances.

OER can be OER can be easily modified easily modified and adapted to and adapted to

different learning different learning circumstances.circumstances.

Advanced technology Advanced technology is not necessary.is not necessary.Advanced technology Advanced technology is not necessary.is not necessary.

RibnaRibna.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/judybaxter/4462965/.

RibnaRibna. alexanderimagesalexanderimages

http://www.flickr.com/photos/9432444@N05/656500490/.

Judy BaxterJudy Baxter

RibnaRibna.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/venky7/2157716223/

Venkatesh HariharanVenkatesh Hariharan

Learn

OER form a Network.• • Teachers like to share and adapt materials for Teachers like to share and adapt materials for the classroom.the classroom.

• • Students consume these materials, but they only Students consume these materials, but they only learnlearn by actively taking part in the process of by actively taking part in the process of creationcreation. .

• • We learn by doing what has been done before; we We learn by doing what has been done before; we create by create by rere-creating, by building off others’ work.-creating, by building off others’ work.

Learning occurs through exchange of and collaboration on the expression of ideas.

Open education helps Open education helps teachersteachers

... as well as learners.... as well as learners.

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Thomas HawkThomas Hawk

Learn

Mutual Learning

Sharing&

Most students begin their education highly motivated to learn.

Most teachers are highly motivated to share knowledge, not only with their students but with anyone who can

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/99079793@N00/24786113/

Learn

OER can be easily OER can be easily modified, translated, modified, translated, and shared,and shared,so they encourage so they encourage local production of local production of educational resources educational resources

suited to both individual and suited to both individual and societal values, language and societal values, language and culture. culture. RibnaRibna.http://flickr.com/photos/ethnocentrics/213657197/ by Ethnocentrics

by Thomas Slyhttp://flickr.com/photos/tomsly/87973199/

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by nofrillshttp://flickr.com/photos/nofrills/10895361/

Learn

The educational community is built on sharing.

Open education fosters a culture of learning and collaboration, allowing educators and learners to develop new applications and contexts for the use of educational materials.

http://flickr.com/photos/ryanr/142455033/ryancr bn=

Text

But there are Legal Barriers.

Nancy cbnhttp://flickr.com/photos/pugno_muliebriter/1384247192/

Expression is often restricted.• • Expression can be, and often is, fully Expression can be, and often is, fully copyrighted.copyrighted.

• • Copyrighted material cannot be shared, adapted, Copyrighted material cannot be shared, adapted, or derived... without express permission by theor derived... without express permission by the owner of the copyright. owner of the copyright.

• • But when people, especially educators, put things But when people, especially educators, put things on the web, it is usually for the express purpose of on the web, it is usually for the express purpose of making it freely available.making it freely available.

• • Unfortunately, copyright overrules this intent. Unfortunately, copyright overrules this intent.

And if you don’t license your work to be open, it automatically defaults to all-rights-reserved copyright.

When IP restricts access,When IP restricts access,adaptation and sharing,adaptation and sharing,

TebaxtTebaxtSimon musicSimon musichttp://flickr.com/photos/fruey/1368008974/Learn

protecting the protecting the rightright to education. to education.

OER helps OER helps openopen doors doors

ccLearn promotes CC Licenses.• • CC Licenses CC Licenses areare copyright. They do not replace copyright. They do not replace copyright, but instead grant copyright, but instead grant a prioria priori permissions permissions for certain uses that would otherwise be for certain uses that would otherwise be disallowed.disallowed.

• • So the author still retains her rights to a work; she So the author still retains her rights to a work; she simply chooses to give away those rights she does simply chooses to give away those rights she does not need or want.not need or want.

• • This makes perfect sense in education especially, This makes perfect sense in education especially, since most people want to share and build off of since most people want to share and build off of each other’s work. each other’s work.

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CC offers an easy way to share materials, vs the murky interpretations of fair use in copyright law.

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CC Licenses support Interoperability

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ccLearn wants education to be here:

“All rights

reserved”

Public Domain

Attribution Only

bCC BY

are clear, comprehensible and compatible

The best licenses for education enable

• Learner engagement• Innovation

• Adaption to fit local needs

Licenses that don’t permit derivative works limit the flexibility to translate or modify the work for an educational context, or to distribute it in alternate formats.

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http://flickr.com/photos/tantek/85610375/

Tantek Çelik cbn

Likewise, licenses with non-commercial or even share-alike provisions may limit interoperability of educational materials and make it difficult to share resources on- and offline.

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Truly open licensing is essential

• Maximizes the potential of educational materials

• The ways in which materials are used determines their true impact

What about legal issues specific to K-12 and/or science education?

http://flickr.com/photos/durian/268701719/ Adrian Bailon bn=de

For young learners, we must also negotiate:

• Privacy laws• Parental consent

• Copyrightability

For science education, we must also negotiate:

• Data• Integrated analysis

• International issues

©Do we need a rights-free space for education….

CC “Zero”? 0

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But what about Technical Barriers?

http://flickr.com/photos/tantek/85610375/

Tantek Çelik cbn

CC overcomes Technical Barriers CC Licenses are also clear to search engines

• CC Licenses specify licensing permissions on works in metadata (RDFa)

• The metadata are picked up by search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Flickr

Reference for this and later slides (where noted): Towards a Global Learning Commons: ccLearn. Bissell, Ahrash and James Boyle. Educational Technology 4(6). Nov-Dec 2007. Pages 5-9.

Other Technical BarriersIncompatibility of:

• Encryption protocols

• Video formats

• Streaming technologies

So that even though OER may be licensed openly, they are prevented from being used openly, negating the point of openness.

A great deal of “open educational resources” are encased in technology not easily translatable to more universal, interoperable standards.

David Tames cbnahttp://flickr.com/photos/kino-eye/354623704/

(Bissell and Boyle)

And finally, the Social Barriers to Open Education

Judy Baxter cbnahttp://flickr.com/photos/judybaxter/501511984/

SocialBarriers

Technical Unfamiliarity

Workload

Organizational Pressures

Agency

Cultural

Awareness, Misconceptions

Standardized Curricula

Tenure Standards

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Developed World

Developing World

Mine

vs

Commons

vs

Noncommercial Term

Resources

Teacher Education

Socioeconomic Factors

Time Management

Teacher Salary

(Bissell and Boyle)

• Endowments• Memberships• Donations• Conversions• Value-added sales

Sustainability models…

• Contributor pays• Sponsorship• Institutional• Governmental• Marketing for durable goods

From: JISC OER Briefing Paper http://wiki.cetis.ac.uk/images/0/0b/OER_Briefing_Paper.pdf

Learn Projects

CC PortalFor

Educators

UniversalEducation

Search

ODEPO Project

• Extensible

• Federated

UniversalEducation

Search

UniversalEducation

Search

• ScalableA search for all educational resources on the web should be:

Language and supporting materials more appropriate for the educational context

What are the different CC licenses and what do they mean?

Choosing a CC license for educational materials

CC PortalFor

Educators

CC PortalFor

Educators

Point of departure for understanding the bigger issues and hopes in education

The Open Database of Educational Projects and Organizations

- Identify potential collaborators

- Network

- Add your project

- Add additional info

- Search by various properties

- Licensing Information

- Open Education Organizations

- Affiliated Projects and Organizations

Find:

ODEPO Project

ODEPO Project