cclearn general messaging
TRANSCRIPT
The Education Division of c
What is ?ccLearn is a division of Creative Commons which is dedicated to realizing the full potential of the Internet to support open learning and open educational resources (OER). Our mission is to minimize barriers to sharing and reuse of educational materials — legal barriers, technical barriers, and social barriers.
What are Open Educational Resources?
Implementation Resources
Learning Content Tools
http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
Michael Reschke cba
Implementation Resources
Learning Content Tools
Full courses, course materials, content modules, learning objects, collections, journals
Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
Michael Reschke cba
Implementation Resources
Learning Content Tools
Software to support the creation, delivery, use and improvement of open learning content including searching and organization of content, content and learning management systems, content development tools, and on-line learning communities.
Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
Michael Reschke cba
Implementation Resources
Learning Content Tools
Intellectual property licenses to promote open publishing of materials, design-principles, and localization of content.
Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
Michael Reschke cba
Implementation Resources
Learning Content Tools
Intellectual property licenses to promote open publishing of materials, design-principles, and localization of content.
Full courses, course materials, content modules, learning objects, collections, journals
Software to support the creation, delivery, use and improvement of open learning content including searching and organization of content, content and learning management systems, content development tools, and on-line learning communities.
Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html
Michael Reschke cba
What makes resources OPEN? The ability to: • Access • Share — Copy, Distribute, Display • Adapt — Perform, Translate • Derive — Remix
The openness of a resource increases with the permissions given.
More permissions = More open.
Education is different.• In most places, education is a public good.• But the quality of education varies.
— By region— By school— By class
• Open Educational Resources (OER) change this, by promoting (e)quality education around the world.
The internet is a universal medium. It can be accessed by anyone.
OER form a Network.• Teachers like to share and adapt materials for the classroom.• Students consume these materials, but they only learn by actively taking part in the process of creation. • We learn by doing what has been done before; we create by re-creating, by building off othersʼ work.
Learning occurs through exchange of and collaboration on the expression of ideas.
Text
But there are Legal Barriers.
Nancy
http://flickr.com/photos/pugno_muliebriter/1384247192/
cbn
Expression is often restricted.• Because expression can be, and often is, fully copyrighted.• Copyrighted material cannot be shared, adapted, derived, or even accessed... without express permission by the owner of the copyright.
• But when people, especially educators, put things on the web, it is usually for the express purpose of making it freely available.• Unfortunately, copyright overrules this intent.
And if you donʼt license your work to be open, it automatically defaults to all rights reserved copyright.
ccLearn promotes licenses.• CC Licenses are copyright. They do not replace copyright, but instead grant a priori permissions for certain uses that would otherwise be disallowed.
• So the author still retains her rights to a work; she simply chooses to give away those rights she does not need or want.
• This makes perfect sense in education especially, since most people want to share and build off of each otherʼs work.
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CC offers an easy way to share materials, vs the murky interpretations of fair use in copyright law.
openDemocracy
http://flickr.com/photos/opendemocracy/542303769/
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CC Licenses support InteroperabilityccLearn wants education
to be here:
“All rights reserved”
Public Domain
Attribution Only
are clear, comprehensible and compatible
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bnd
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CC BY
Because CC BY ...• Allows the most freedoms without giving up attribution, which is important for credibility in education
• Is compatible with every other CC license, allowing the most room for innovation via collaboration
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• Does not encroach on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a specified use:
i.e. CC BY-SA requires you to share alike, even if the new work is best suited for another licenseba
CC License Case Studies
Which License should I use when?
CC BY-ND
Attribution No Derivatives
Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.
Consider • You are part of a group of experts that has finally finished a protocol for data curation.
• Every word was carefully considered, and it took months of meetings to complete.
• You and the group want to share it, and you donʼt particularly care how it is used...
... AS LONG AS it does not get altered in any way.
For this purpose, CC BY-ND is appropriate.
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CC BY-ND
Attribution No Derivatives
Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.
But consider too• Foreign colleagues want to translate the protocol. They must seek permission before they can do so.
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• Any time someone would like to adapt your work, the groupʼs permission is required— Even for the simple purposes of technical and social interoperability.
• A fellow expert wants to adapt the work for display on PDAs. He must also seek permission.
?
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CC BY-NC-SA
Attribution Non-commercialShare Alike
Lets others:• remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially. • download and redistribute your work.• translate, remix, and produce new stories based on your work. All new work based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also be non-commercial in nature.
Consider • A university decides to release course content openly.
Hurray!
• However, much of the content is third-party material. • It is difficult to get rights-holders to give them content without the NC term.
This is a case where the university would want to adopt CC BY-NC-SA,
since it is necessary to achieve an agreement with all their rights-holders.
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But what if • Rights holders are willing to give materials to the university sans the NC restriction.
Hurray!
• So the university applies the NC term.
This is a bad reason to use NC because:
• However, the university doesnʼt want anyone selling content without their permission.
Boo!
• People only buy content if they canʼt access the free version, or if they want to access it differently.
i.e. A publishing co. decides to make hardcopies available at minimal prices (to recover printing costs) ... to students in Bangladesh!
CC BY-NC-SA
But they canʼt, because it is NC licensed.
And they donʼt want to go through the red tape of negotiations.
CC BY
Attribution Only
Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.
Consider • You are a creator of a work, be it a
• But as a professional in your field, you want to be recognized for your work.
• Basically, you want your stuff to be used widely—by the most people possible.
This is a great case for CC BY.
play,a love song, a cookbook
or an educational video game.
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CC BY
Attribution Only
Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.
But what if
• Someone takes my stuff and locks it away, defeating the purpose of making it open?
• Someone uses my stuff inappropriately, while my name is attached to it?
Thatʼs impossible with digital content. Even if someone remixed the work and re-licensed it under full copyright, your original work is still available, free for anybody to use.
• CC BY specifically states that you do not endorse any works derived from yours. • So it doesnʼt matter; non-endorsement clause and moral rights allow you to request a take-down and seek damages anyway.
Boo!
Hurray!
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Remember: CC BY• Allows the most freedoms with attribution (important for credibility in education)• Is compatible with every other CC license, so...
New and creative uses can develop that were not possible before!
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• All the while NOT encroaching on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a specified use
i.e. CC BY-NC- SA might not allow print versions of your work to be given away for even a small recovery cost. bna
Text
But what about Technical Barriers?
http://flickr.com/photos/tantek/85610375/
Tantek Çelik cbn
CC overcomes Technical Barriers CC Licenses are also clear to search engines
• CC Licenses specify licensing restrictions on works in metadata
• The metadata is picked up by search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Flickr
Reference for this and later slides (where noted): Towards a Global Learning Commons: ccLearn. Bissell, Ahrash and James Boyle. Educational Technology 4(6). Nov-Dec 2007. Pages 5-9.
Other Technical BarriersIncompatibility of:
• Encryption protocols• Video formats
• Streaming technologies
So that even though OER may be licensed openly, it is prevented from being used openly, negating the point of openness.
A great deal of “open educational resources” are encased in technology not easily translatable to more universal, interoperable standards.
David Tames
http://flickr.com/photos/kino-eye/354623704/
(Bissell and Boyle)
cbna
And finally, the Social Barriers to Open Education
Judy Baxter
http://flickr.com/photos/judybaxter/501511984/
cbna
Social Barriers
Technical Unfamiliarity
Workload
Organizational Pressures
Agency
Standardized Curricula
Standardized Curricula
Cultural
CulturalCultural
Awareness, Misconceptions
Standardized Curricula
Tenure Standards
Developed World
Developing World
My stuff vs
Commons
vs
Noncommercial Term
Resources
Developed World
Teacher Education
Socioeconomic factors
Time Management
Teacher Salary
(Bissell and Boyle)
Projects
CC Portal for
EducatorsDiscoverEd ODEPO
Project
• Extensible
• Federated
DiscoverEd
• ScalableA search for all educational resources on the web should be:
Language and supporting materials more appropriate for the educational context
What are the different CC licenses and what do they mean?
Choosing a CC license for educational materials
CC Portal for
Educators
Point of departure for understanding the bigger issues and hopes in education
The Open Database of Educational Projects and Organizations
- Identify potential collaborators- Network- Add your project- Add additional info- Search by various properties
- Licensing Information- Open Education Organizations- Affiliated Projects and Organizations
Find:
ODEPO Project
Except where otherwise noted, this slideshow is licensed:
http://learn.creativecommons.org