cclearn general messaging

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Page 1: ccLearn General Messaging
Page 2: ccLearn General Messaging

The Education Division of c

Page 3: ccLearn General Messaging

What is ?ccLearn is a division of Creative Commons which is dedicated to realizing the full potential of the Internet to support open learning and open educational resources (OER). Our mission is to minimize barriers to sharing and reuse of educational materials — legal barriers, technical barriers, and social barriers.

Page 4: ccLearn General Messaging

What are Open Educational Resources?

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Implementation Resources

Learning Content Tools

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Michael Reschke cba

Page 6: ccLearn General Messaging

Implementation Resources

Learning Content Tools

Full courses, course materials, content modules, learning objects, collections, journals

Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Michael Reschke cba

Page 7: ccLearn General Messaging

Implementation Resources

Learning Content Tools

Software to support the creation, delivery, use and improvement of open learning content including searching and organization of content, content and learning management systems, content development tools, and on-line learning communities.

Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Michael Reschke cba

Page 8: ccLearn General Messaging

Implementation Resources

Learning Content Tools

Intellectual property licenses to promote open publishing of materials, design-principles, and localization of content.

Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Michael Reschke cba

Page 9: ccLearn General Messaging

Implementation Resources

Learning Content Tools

Intellectual property licenses to promote open publishing of materials, design-principles, and localization of content.

Full courses, course materials, content modules, learning objects, collections, journals

Software to support the creation, delivery, use and improvement of open learning content including searching and organization of content, content and learning management systems, content development tools, and on-line learning communities.

Text on OER slides are licensed GNU FDL v1.2http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html

Michael Reschke cba

Page 10: ccLearn General Messaging

What makes resources OPEN? The ability to: • Access • Share — Copy, Distribute, Display • Adapt — Perform, Translate • Derive — Remix

The openness of a resource increases with the permissions given.

More permissions = More open.

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Education is different.• In most places, education is a public good.• But the quality of education varies.

— By region— By school— By class

• Open Educational Resources (OER) change this, by promoting (e)quality education around the world.

The internet is a universal medium. It can be accessed by anyone.

Page 12: ccLearn General Messaging

OER form a Network.• Teachers like to share and adapt materials for the classroom.• Students consume these materials, but they only learn by actively taking part in the process of creation. • We learn by doing what has been done before; we create by re-creating, by building off othersʼ work.

Learning occurs through exchange of and collaboration on the expression of ideas.

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Text

But there are Legal Barriers.

Nancy

http://flickr.com/photos/pugno_muliebriter/1384247192/

cbn

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Expression is often restricted.• Because expression can be, and often is, fully copyrighted.• Copyrighted material cannot be shared, adapted, derived, or even accessed... without express permission by the owner of the copyright.

• But when people, especially educators, put things on the web, it is usually for the express purpose of making it freely available.• Unfortunately, copyright overrules this intent.

And if you donʼt license your work to be open, it automatically defaults to all rights reserved copyright.

Page 15: ccLearn General Messaging

ccLearn promotes licenses.• CC Licenses are copyright. They do not replace copyright, but instead grant a priori permissions for certain uses that would otherwise be disallowed.

• So the author still retains her rights to a work; she simply chooses to give away those rights she does not need or want.

• This makes perfect sense in education especially, since most people want to share and build off of each otherʼs work.

c

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CC offers an easy way to share materials, vs the murky interpretations of fair use in copyright law.

openDemocracy

http://flickr.com/photos/opendemocracy/542303769/

cba

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CC Licenses support InteroperabilityccLearn wants education

to be here:

“All rights reserved”

Public Domain

Attribution Only

are clear, comprehensible and compatible

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babd

bn bna

bnd

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CC BY

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Because CC BY ...• Allows the most freedoms without giving up attribution, which is important for credibility in education

• Is compatible with every other CC license, allowing the most room for innovation via collaboration

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• Does not encroach on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a specified use:

i.e. CC BY-SA requires you to share alike, even if the new work is best suited for another licenseba

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CC License Case Studies

Which License should I use when?

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CC BY-ND

Attribution No Derivatives

Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.

Consider • You are part of a group of experts that has finally finished a protocol for data curation.

• Every word was carefully considered, and it took months of meetings to complete.

• You and the group want to share it, and you donʼt particularly care how it is used...

... AS LONG AS it does not get altered in any way.

For this purpose, CC BY-ND is appropriate.

bd

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CC BY-ND

Attribution No Derivatives

Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.

But consider too• Foreign colleagues want to translate the protocol. They must seek permission before they can do so.

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• Any time someone would like to adapt your work, the groupʼs permission is required— Even for the simple purposes of technical and social interoperability.

• A fellow expert wants to adapt the work for display on PDAs. He must also seek permission.

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bd

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CC BY-NC-SA

Attribution Non-commercialShare Alike

Lets others:• remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially. • download and redistribute your work.• translate, remix, and produce new stories based on your work. All new work based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also be non-commercial in nature.

Consider • A university decides to release course content openly.

Hurray!

• However, much of the content is third-party material. • It is difficult to get rights-holders to give them content without the NC term.

This is a case where the university would want to adopt CC BY-NC-SA,

since it is necessary to achieve an agreement with all their rights-holders.

bna

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But what if • Rights holders are willing to give materials to the university sans the NC restriction.

Hurray!

• So the university applies the NC term.

This is a bad reason to use NC because:

• However, the university doesnʼt want anyone selling content without their permission.

Boo!

• People only buy content if they canʼt access the free version, or if they want to access it differently.

i.e. A publishing co. decides to make hardcopies available at minimal prices (to recover printing costs) ... to students in Bangladesh!

CC BY-NC-SA

But they canʼt, because it is NC licensed.

And they donʼt want to go through the red tape of negotiations.

Page 24: ccLearn General Messaging

CC BY

Attribution Only

Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.

Consider • You are a creator of a work, be it a

• But as a professional in your field, you want to be recognized for your work.

• Basically, you want your stuff to be used widely—by the most people possible.

This is a great case for CC BY.

play,a love song, a cookbook

or an educational video game.

b

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CC BY

Attribution Only

Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.

But what if

• Someone takes my stuff and locks it away, defeating the purpose of making it open?

• Someone uses my stuff inappropriately, while my name is attached to it?

Thatʼs impossible with digital content. Even if someone remixed the work and re-licensed it under full copyright, your original work is still available, free for anybody to use.

• CC BY specifically states that you do not endorse any works derived from yours. • So it doesnʼt matter; non-endorsement clause and moral rights allow you to request a take-down and seek damages anyway.

Boo!

Hurray!

b

Page 26: ccLearn General Messaging

Remember: CC BY• Allows the most freedoms with attribution (important for credibility in education)• Is compatible with every other CC license, so...

New and creative uses can develop that were not possible before!

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• All the while NOT encroaching on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a specified use

i.e. CC BY-NC- SA might not allow print versions of your work to be given away for even a small recovery cost. bna

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Text

But what about Technical Barriers?

http://flickr.com/photos/tantek/85610375/

Tantek Çelik cbn

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CC overcomes Technical Barriers CC Licenses are also clear to search engines

• CC Licenses specify licensing restrictions on works in metadata

• The metadata is picked up by search engines such as Google, Yahoo, and Flickr

Reference for this and later slides (where noted): Towards a Global Learning Commons: ccLearn. Bissell, Ahrash and James Boyle. Educational Technology 4(6). Nov-Dec 2007. Pages 5-9.

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Other Technical BarriersIncompatibility of:

• Encryption protocols• Video formats

• Streaming technologies

So that even though OER may be licensed openly, it is prevented from being used openly, negating the point of openness.

A great deal of “open educational resources” are encased in technology not easily translatable to more universal, interoperable standards.

David Tames

http://flickr.com/photos/kino-eye/354623704/

(Bissell and Boyle)

cbna

Page 30: ccLearn General Messaging

And finally, the Social Barriers to Open Education

Judy Baxter

http://flickr.com/photos/judybaxter/501511984/

cbna

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Social Barriers

Technical Unfamiliarity

Workload

Organizational Pressures

Agency

Standardized Curricula

Standardized Curricula

Cultural

CulturalCultural

Awareness, Misconceptions

Standardized Curricula

Tenure Standards

Developed World

Developing World

My stuff vs

Commons

vs

Noncommercial Term

Resources

Developed World

Teacher Education

Socioeconomic factors

Time Management

Teacher Salary

(Bissell and Boyle)

Page 32: ccLearn General Messaging

Projects

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CC Portal for

EducatorsDiscoverEd ODEPO

Project

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• Extensible

• Federated

DiscoverEd

• ScalableA search for all educational resources on the web should be:

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Language and supporting materials more appropriate for the educational context

What are the different CC licenses and what do they mean?

Choosing a CC license for educational materials

CC Portal for

Educators

Point of departure for understanding the bigger issues and hopes in education

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The Open Database of Educational Projects and Organizations

- Identify potential collaborators- Network- Add your project- Add additional info- Search by various properties

- Licensing Information- Open Education Organizations- Affiliated Projects and Organizations

Find:

ODEPO Project

Page 37: ccLearn General Messaging

Except where otherwise noted, this slideshow is licensed:

http://learn.creativecommons.org