cc001 036 063 sn 895428.indd page 42 6/17/10 1:34:15 pm u ... · inquiry lab 6 earth structures...

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Interactions of Earth SystemsLesson 2

LA.6.2.2.3, SC.6.E.6.1, SC.6.E.7.2, SC.6.E.7.4, SC.6.E.7.6, SC.6.N.1.1, SC.6.N.3.4

Skim or scan the heading, boldfaced words, and pictures in the lesson. Identify or predict three facts you will learn from the lesson. Discuss your thoughts with a classmate.

2

4

31

Order the relationship between thermal energy and the physical state of water.

Condensation Evaporation

water vapor

liquid water

thermal energy absorbed

Interpret the illustration of the water cycle. Use the terms to the right of the picture in your explanations.

• hydrosphere• atmosphere• geosphere• biosphere

Description of Water Cycle Processes

1.

2.

3.

4.

The Water CycleI found this on page .

I found this on page .

42 Our Planet—Earth

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Lesson 2 | Interactions of Earth Systems (continued)

NGSSS Check

How do Earth systems interact in the water cycle? SC.6.E.7.4

NGSSS Check

How does weather show interactions of Earth systems? SC.6.E.7.4

Explain five processes that occur within the water cycle.

Process Explanation

Evaporation

Transpiration

Respiration

Condensation

Precipitation

Describe factors that influence weather.

Factor Description

Air temperature

Air pressure

Wind

Humidity

Relate how weather is influenced by conditions in the geosphere and the hydrosphere.

Changes in the

AtmosphereI found this on page .


Our Planet—Earth 43


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Differentiate weather from climate.

Weather Climate

Sequence cause and effect in the formation of a rain shadow.

Windward side of a mountain:

Result:

Climate:

Result:Air that crosses to the leeward side is

.

Leeward side climate:

Organize information about the rock cycle.

Definition: Material in the cycle:•

•

•

•

•

Rock Cycle

Takes place in:

;Is affected by:



The Rock CycleI found this on page .



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Explain the processes in the rock cycle. Use these terms in your explanations.

• hydrosphere • atmosphere • geosphere • biosphere

Process Explanation

Cooling

Crystallization

Uplift

Weathering

Erosion

Deposition

Compaction

Cementation

Infer why the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the hydrosphere do not influence metamorphic rock formation.

Analyze It Suppose you are walking to school in the rain. You notice muddy water running down a hill into an animal’s burrow. Explain the interactions in this example between each of the Earth systems.






NGSSS Check

How do Earth systems interact in the rock cycle? SC.6.E.7.4


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Review

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Chapter Wrap-Up

Now that you have read the chapter, think about what you have learned. Complete the final column in the chart on the first page of this chapter.

Use this checklist to help you study.

Complete your Foldables® Chapter Project.

Study this chapter in your Notebook.

Study the definitions of vocabulary words.

Reread the chapter, and review the charts, graphs, and illustrations.

Review the Understanding Key Concepts at the end of each lesson.

Look over the Chapter Review at the end of the chapter.

THINK

ABOUT

IT!

Summarize It Reread the Think About It question and the lesson Key Concepts. Give one short example of how each of the four systems discussed in the chapter affects each other system.

Atmosphere Geosphere: weathering and erosion of rock

Atmosphere Biosphere:

Atmosphere Hydrosphere:

Hydrosphere Biosphere:

Hydrosphere Atmosphere:

Hydrosphere Geosphere:

Geosphere Biosphere:

Geosphere Atmosphere:

Geosphere Hydrosphere:

Biosphere Hydrosphere:

Biosphere Atmosphere:

Biosphere Geosphere:

Challenge Hypothesize what would happen if any of Earth’s systems stopped working. What would be the effect on the other systems? Write a science fiction story about such a scenario. Share your story with your class.

Our Planet—Earth



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Benchmark Practice

Chapter ReviewStudy G

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Note-taking

Inquiry Lab 6 Earth Structures

SC.6.N.1.1, SC.6.N.3.4, SC.6.E.7.4

Benchmark Practice


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Note-taking

How do Earth’s systems interact? You’ve learned about the rock cycle and the water cycle. These are just two examples of how Earth systems work together. Each system interacts with the others to help maintain an ecological balance on Earth. What happens if one system is disrupted?

Ask a Question

How does a change in one system affect other systems? How can you model interactions among Earth systems?

Materials

beaker water lamp terrarium small fan sand

Safety

Make Observations

1. Read and complete a lab safety form.

2. Think about Earth’s four systems and how they interact with each other. Describe areal-world scenario that shows these interactions. The photos in your textbook show examples of real-world scenarios.

3. Use the materials listed, or make a list of your own materials. Then, design a model of your scenario. Think about the following as you plan your model:

• How can you represent each of Earth’s systems?• How will you show the systems interacting?• Will your model be self-contained or open to the air?



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Big Idea Lab continued

4. After your teacher approves your design, build your model according to your design plans.

Form a Hypothesis

5. After building your model, formulate a hypothesis on how a change in one system might affect the other systems.

Test Your Hypothesis

6. Add or take away something in your model to cause one system to change. Is the change realistic? Could this happen in real life?

7. Observe and record the results immediately after the change occurs. Examine your model again on the following day. Be sure to record the results.

Analyze and Conclude

8. Identify Which parts of your model represent each system?



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Big Idea Lab continued

9. Summarize how the change you made to one system affected the others.

10. Interpret Was the change you modeled helpful or harmful? Was it caused by human activities or natural events? Explain.

11. The Big Idea Earth is sometimes described as a rocky planet. Based on what you observed in this lab, does that statement accurately describe Earth? Why or why not?

Communicate Your Results

Take your classmates on a “tour” of your model. Point out each Earth system, explain your hypothesis, recreate the change you introduced, and describe your results. Invite your classmates to ask questions and offer suggestions about improving your model.

Extension

Conduct research to locate a place where the change you observed in your model has occurred. Find out what impact it had on the living things in the area. Determine if the change is still impacting life in the area.

Remember to use scientificmethods.

Ask a Question

Form a Hypothesis

Test your Hypothesis

Analyze and Conclude

Communicate Results

Make Observations



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Big Idea Lab Notes



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Study Guide

Use VocabularyUse the vocabulary from the chapter to complete the sentences or answer the statements below.

1. The Earth system containing all living things is the .

2. Use the term mineral in a sentence.

3. Distinguish between rocks and minerals.

4. Conditions in the atmosphere at a given time and place are called .

5. Define the word uplift in your own words.

6. Distinguish between condensation and precipitation.

Link Vocabulary and Key ConceptsUse vocabulary terms from the chapter to complete the concept map below.

Earth systems

7. 9.8. 10. 11.

The

is a mixtureof gases

surrounding Earth.

The

contains Earth’s frozen water.

The

contains Earth’s liquid water.

The

contains allliving things.

The

is the solidpart of Earth.

interact in the12.

15.

13. 14.

16.

through the processes of

17.

through the processes of

weathering erosion

deposition



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Understand Key Concepts Circle the correct answer below.

Chapter 1 Review

1. Which are two characteristics of minerals? SC.6.E.6.1

A. artificial and organicB. liquid and gasC. living and inorganicD. solid and natural

2. What are the major gases of the atmosphere? SC.6.E.7.4

A. carbon dioxide and water vaporB. nitrogen and carbon dioxideC. nitrogen and oxygenD. oxygen and water vapor

3. Which reservoir holds the largest amount of freshwater? SC.6.E.7.4

A. groundwater C. lakesB. ice D. rivers

4. The diagram below shows the water cycle. Which number represents precipitation? SC.6.E.7.2

32

41

A. 1 C. 3B. 2 D. 4

5. In which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur? SC.6.E.7.2

A. hydrosphereB. mesosphereC. stratosphereD. troposphere

6. What does the hydrosphere contain? SC.6.E.7.4

A. airB. plantsC. soilD. water

7. The diagram below shows the layers of the atmosphere. The arrow is pointing to which layer? SC.6.E.7.4

500

120

110

100

90

80

Alt

itu

de

(km

)

Temperature (°C)

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

–100 –80 –60 –40 –20 20 400 600 80000

A. troposphereB. mesosphereC. stratosphereD. exosphere

8. What is the middle layer of the geosphere? SC.6.E.7.4

A. inner coreB. crustC. mantleD. core

9. Rocks are classified according to . SC.6.E.6.1

A. color.B. formation.C. size.D. structure.



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Chapter 1 Review continued

Critical ThinkingUse the lines below to respond to the following questions.

10. Give an example of how the water cycle impacts the rock cycle. SC.6.E.7.4

11. Construct Describe how you might construct a terrarium that models Earth systems. SC.6.E.7.4

12. Design Based on what you have learned about the water cycle, design a device for turning salt water into freshwater. SC.6.N.3.4

13. Assess How does the geosphere affect organisms that live in an ocean? SC.6.E.7.4



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Critical ThinkingUse the lines below to respond to the following questions.

14. Infer How might the distribution of freshwater on Earth change if surface temperatures decreased? SC.6.E.7.2

15. Evaluate the relationship between weathering and erosion. How do the processes work together to change Earth’s surface? How might the surface be different if only one of these processes occurred? SC.6.E.7.4

16. Simplify The diagram below shows the path of one rock through the rock cycle. What terms are missing from the diagram? Use the terms to describe how the rock changed. SC.6.E.6.1

weathering

and erosion

compaction

and cementation

heat and

pressure

melting

cooling and

crystallization

?

?

?



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17. Create A haiku is a poem with three lines. The lines contain five, seven, and five syllables respectively. Create a haiku that describes interactions among Earth systems. SC.6.E.7.4



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Math Skills

18. How would you describe Earth to a younger student? LA.6.2.2.3

19. Look at the photo on page 35 in your textbook. What Earth systems do you see? What does each system include? SC.6.E.7.4

Use the data in the table below to answer questions 20–22.

Temperature (°C)Maximum Vapor

Density (g/m3)

10 9.4

24 23.0

30 30.4

20. The current temperature is 24°C. The water vapor in the air has a density of 5.75 g/m3. What is the relative humidity?

21. At a temperature of 30°C, the air contains 22.8 g/m3 of water vapor. What is the relative humidity?

22. Based on the data in the table, what is the relationship between the temperature and the amount of water vapor air can contain?

Review the Big Idea

MA.6.A.3.6



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Mark your answer in the answer bubbles below each question.

Science Benchmark Practice

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Multiple Choice 1 Which term describes the state of the

atmosphere at a certain time and place? SC.6.E.7.6

A climate

B weather

C troposphere

D ozone

2 Which is NOT a process where water vapor is released into the atmosphere? SC.6.E.7.4

F evaporation

G respiration

H transpiration

I precipitation

Use the diagram below to answer question 3.

500Exosphere

Thermosphere

Mesosphere

Stratosphere

Troposphere A

B

C

D

120

110

100

90

80

Altitude

(km

)

Temperature (°C)

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60

50

40

30

20

10

–100 –80 –60 –40 –20 20 400 600 80000

3 Earth’s ozone layer absorbs solar radiation, protecting the biosphere. Whichatmospheric layer includes the ozone layer? SC.6.E.7.4

A A C C

B B D D

4 Through which process does water leave the hydrosphere and enter the atmosphere? SC.6.E.7.4

F condensation

G deposition

H evaporation

I precipitation

5 Which Earth systems interact with the geosphere to cause erosion? SC.6.E.7.4

A cryosphere, biosphere, geosphere

B hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere

C cryosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere

D biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere

Use the image below to answer question 6.

6 Erosion caused by forces in the atmosphere and hydrosphere eventually returnsediment to the geosphere. Which process is occurring in the area circled? SC.6.E.7.4

F condensation

G deposition

H precipitation

I transpiration



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NGSSS for Science Benchmark Practice continued

7 Which process recycles water from the biosphere to the atmosphere? SC.6.E.7.4

A condensation

B deposition

C precipitation

D transpiration

8 Which two Earth systems influence weather? SC.6.E.7.4, SC.6.E.7.6

F geosphere and hydrosphere

G cryosphere and atmosphere

H biosphere and geosphere

I hydrosphere and the cryosphere

Use the diagram below to answer question 9.

9 What process is shown above by the inter-action of the hydrosphere, the geosphere, and the atmosphere? SC.6.E.7.4

A tectonic plate movement

B evolution

C the rock cycle

D the water cycle

10 Which two systems contain all of Earth’s water? SC.6.E.7.4

F geosphere and hydrosphere

G biosphere and atmosphere

H cryosphere and hydrosphere

I geosphere and biosphere

Use the figure below to answer question 11.

11 What phenomenon describes howmountains can affect the amount ofprecipitation an area receives? SC.6.E.7.4

A rain shadow effect

B climate

C weather

D Gulf Stream

12 Which process occurs when water returns from the atmosphere to the geosphere? SC.6.E.7.4

F condensation

G precipitation

H transpiration

I respiration



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Note-taking

Study Guide

Multiple Choice Bubble the correct answer.

Benchmark Mini-Assessment Chapter 1 | Lesson 1

Extend Your LearningTurn the page to Learn Out Loud

Use the image below to answer questions 1 and 2.

500A

B

C

DHighest

concentration

of ozone

E

120

110

100

90

80

Altitude (km)

Temperature (°C)

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

–100 –80 –60 –40 –20 20 400 600 80000

1. Which layer contains most of the mass in the atmosphere? SC.6.E.7.4

A Layer B

B Layer C

C Layer D

D Layer E

2. Which statement is true? SC.6.E.7.4

F Layer B blocks solar radiation.

G Layer D contains weather.

H Temperatures are lowest in layer B.

I Temperatures decrease with altitude in layer D.

3. The Earth system that is made of soil, rock, and metal is called the SC.6.E.7.4

A atmosphere.

B biosphere.

C geosphere.

D hydrosphere.

Freshwater

Rivers 2%

Swamps 11%Salt water (ocean)

97%

Freshwater 3%

Lakes 87%

Groundwater 20%

Fresh surface water 1%

Ice caps

and glaciers 79%Total water on Earth

Fresh surface water

4. In the image above, which contains the largest percentage of freshwater? SC.6.E.7.4

F ice

G oceans

H rivers

I swamps



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Think, Discuss, Share

From My Teacher



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Study Guide

Wind Windward Leeward

Rain shadow

1. In the image above, what is the climate on the leeward side of the Sierra Nevada range? SC.6.E.7.6

A cold

B dry

C hot

D wet

2. Sheila sees that part of a limestone building in town has been worn away. This building was affected by the process of SC.6.E.6.1

F crystallization.

G deposition.

H uplifting.

I weathering.

3. Where do most changes in the atmosphere take place? SC.6.E.7.4

A geosphere

B hydrosphere

C stratosphere

D troposphere

Snow

Rain

C

B

Ocean

Lake E

D

A

4. Thermal energy is lost during which process shown in the diagram? SC.6.E.7.4

F Process A

G Process B

H Process C

I Process D

Multiple Choice Bubble the correct answer.

Benchmark Mini-Assessment Chapter 1 | Lesson 2

Extend Your LearningTurn the page to Learn Out Loud

C120-05A-MSS12-A.ai



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Think, Discuss, Share

From My Teacher



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Notes

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Weathering and Soil 63


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