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THE END OF THE COMBUSTION ENGINEOR A NEW LIFE? LUCIEN KOOPMANS
https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/photos.html CC BY-NC 3.0
How many years will the IC Engine surviveas part of the powertrain in new vehicles?
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2015
2050
1.1 billion
2.4 billion
2015
2050
189 million
334 million
Passenger cars
Road freight vehicle
+ 118%
+ 77%
www.iea.org
Average lifetime: 11 years
Average lifetime: 12 years
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GLOBAL OBJECTIVESSustainable Mobility
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CO2 -35%2019HD/21LD 2030
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Fredrik Ekström
REQUIRED EFFICIENCY
Renewable
FUELS
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http://www.greencarcongress.com/2015/06/20150608-garcia.html
http://www.a-pointduurzaamheid.nl/files/4914/2348/7329/e_golf_Env_Comm.pdf
WELL-TO-WHEEL & LIFEManufacturing**
Batteries:110 gCO2/1 Wh
Driving* on electricity** :100 gCO2/km*WLTP driving** Average/EUmix
(24,3 kWh battery)
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1015
Btu
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration | International Energy Outlook 2016 www.eia.gov/ieo 2017
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
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What is the biggest hurdle for massive EV & PHEV adoption?
ICE
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PROPULSION SYSTEMS
η > 90%PMSM
IM SRM
EM
90 km/h
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Stop / startMicro Hybrid
Mild Hybrid
FullHybrid
Plug-inHybrid
Battery Electric Vehicle with Range
Extender
Battery Electric Vehicle
Increased vehicle cost, battery size, weight
NEED NEW ENGINE OPTIMIZATION
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STANDARD EMISSIONS
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CO2
Hydrogen
Biomass
Bio-fuel
RenewableEnergy
Electro-fuel
Water
P
S
E
Josefine Preuss & Tankai Zhang
Adapted from: The_sustainable_mobility_project (2004) Mobility 2030: meeting the challenges to sustainability. World Business Council for Sustainable Development,
POSSIBLE TO CLEAN EXISTING FLEET!
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LYNK & CO on CTH HYBRID TEST-RIGG
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Mindaugas Melaika & Sarp Mamikoglu
Micro Hybrid
ENGINE OPERATION REAL DRIVINGMild Hybrid Full Hybrid
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HOMOGENEOUS LEANwith Two-Stage Turbocharger
BSFC benefit [%]
Kristoffer Clasén
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ENGINE KNOCK
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WATER INJECTION
Jayesh Khatri
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Pumpinglosses
Unburned losses
Unburnedlosses
ENGINE eff. IMPROVEMENT POTENTIALEnergy conversion split
normal driving
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Technology / Cycle NEDC WLTP FTP-75 US06 HWFET 130 km/h
Waste heat recovery 0-1% 3-4% 4% 6-7% 5-6% 10%Fredrik Ekström & Jelmer Rijpkema
Source: VCC
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BIO-DIESEL and -METHANOL
Lower EmissionsMichael Saccullo & Andreas Nygren
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Developed with VOLVO AB2 % better fuel economyHalved particulate emissions
Jan Eismark
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CONTINUOUS OPTIMIZATION Energy and Emissions management
Ali Ghanaati
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THE NEW COMBUSTION ENGINE LIFE:
For a SUSTAINABLE FUTURESreelekha Etikyala
ElectrifiedConnectedRenewable fuels
