cbse class 09 social science ncert solutions (b) orissa ...vatsalyavidisha.org/event/1588240630class...
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CBSEClass09SocialScience
NCERTSolutions
Chapter1Geography
INDIA–SizeAndLocation
Question1.Choosetherightanswerfromthefouralternativesgivenbelow.
(i)TheTropicofCancerdoesnotpassthrough
(a)Rajasthan
(b)Orissa
(c)Chhattisgarh
(d)Tripura
(ii)TheeasternmostlongitudeofIndiais
(a)97°25'E
(b)68°7'E
(c)77°6'E
(d)82°32'E
(iii)Uttarakhand,UttarPradesh,Bihar,WestBengalandSikkimhavecommon
frontierswith
(a)China
(b)Bhutan
(c)Nepal
(d)Myanmar
(iv)IfyouintendtovisitKavaratiduringyoursummervacations,whichoneofthe
followingUnionTerritoriesofIndiayouwillbegoingto
(a)Puducherry
(b)Lakshadweep
(c)AndamanandNicobar
(d)DiuandDaman
(v)MyfriendhailsfromacountrywhichdoesnotsharelandboundarywithIndia.
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Identifythecountry.
(a)Bhutan
(b)Tajikistan
(c)Bangladesh
(d)Nepal
Answer:(i)(b)Orissa
(ii)(a)97°25′E
(iii)(c)Nepal
(iv)(b)Lakshadweep
(v)(b)Tajikistan
Question2.Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.
(i)NamethegroupofislandslyingintheArabiansea.
(ii)NamethecountrieswhicharelargerthanIndia.
(iii)WhichislandgroupofIndialiestoitssouth-east?
(iv)Whichislandcountriesareoursouthernneighbours?
Answer.(i)ThegroupofisalndlyingintheArabianseaisLakshadweep.
(ii)ThecountrieslargerthanIndiaareRussia,Canada,China,USA,BrazilandAustralia.
(iii)AndamanandNicobargroupofislandsliestothesouth-eastofIndia.
(iv)MaldivesandSriLankaareoursouthernneighbours.
Question3.ThesunrisestwohoursearlierinArunachalPradeshascomparedto
Gujaratinthewestbutthewatchesshowthesametime.Howdoesthishappen?
Answer.ThelongitudinalgapbetweenArunachalPradeshandGujaratisabout30°.Dueto
this,thereistimelagofabouttwohoursbetweenthesestates.SinceArunachalPradeshisin
theeasthencethesunrisesearlierhere;comparedtoinGujarat.StandardMeridianofIndia
(82030′E)passingthroughMirzapurinUttarPradeshistakenasthestandardtimeforthe
wholecountry.Becausethesamestandardtimeforthewholecountryhasbeenadopted,the
watchesshowthesametimeinArunachalPradeshandGujaratandinallpartsofthe
country.
Question4.ThecentrallocationofIndiaattheheadoftheIndianOceanisconsidered
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ofgreatsignificance.Why?
Answer.ThecentrallocationofIndiaattheheadoftheIndianOceanisconsideredofgreat
significancebecause-
IthasgivenIndiaastrategicadvantageduetotheTransIndianoceanrouteswhich
connectthecountriesofEuropeintheWestandthecountriesofEastAsia.
ThishelpsIndiatoestablishclosecontactwithWestAsia,AfricaandEuropefromthe
WesterncoastandwiththeSoutheastandEastAsiafromtheEasterncoast.
ThevastcoastlineandthenaturalharbourshavebenefittedIndiaincarryingout
tradeandcommercewithitsneighbouringanddistantcountriessinceancienttimes.
IthasgivenIndiaadistinctclimatethantherestoftheAsianContinent.
NoothercountryhassuchalongcoastlineontheIndianOceanasIndia.ItisIndia’s
eminentpositionintheIndianOceanwhichhasgiventhenameofanOceanafterit.
ThetransIndianOceanrouteswhichconnectthecountriesofEuropeintheWestto
thecountriesofEastAsiaprovideastrategiccentrallocationtoIndia.
TheDeccanpeninsulaprotrudesintotheIndianOcean,thushelpingIndiatoestablish
closecontactwithWestAsia,AfricaandEuropefromtheWesterncoastandSouth-
EastandEastAsiafromtheEasterncoast.
Thus,India’seminentpositionintheIndianOceanJustifiesthenamingofanocean
afterit.
Question5.Identifythefollowingwiththehelpofmapreading.
(i)TheIslandgroupsofIndialyingintheArabianSeaandtheBayofBengal.
(ii)ThecountriesconstitutingIndianSubcontinent.
(iii)ThestatesthroughwhichtheTropicofCancerpasses.
(iv)Thenorthernmostlatitudeindegrees.
(v)ThesouthernmostlatitudeoftheIndianmainlandindegrees.
(vi)Theeasternandthewesternmostlongitudeindegrees.
(vii)Theplacesituatedonthethreeseas.
(viii)ThestraitseparatingSriLankafromIndia.
(ix)TheUnionTerritoriesofIndia.
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Answer:(i)LakshadweepinthArabiansea,AndamanandNicobarintheBayofBengal.
(ii)CountrieswhichmaketheIndiansubcontinentarePakistaninthenorth-west,Indiaat
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thecore,Nepalinthenorth,Bhutaninthenorth-eastandBangladeshintheeast.
(iii)TropicofCancerpassesthroughthestatesofGujarat,Rajasthan,MadhyaPradesh,
Chhattisgarh,Jharkhand,WestBengal,TripuraandMizoram.
(iv)37°6'N
(v)8°4'N
(vi)Westernlongitude-68°7'E,Easternlongitude-97°25'E
(vii)Kanyakumari
(viii)ThePalkStrait.
(ix)AndamanandNicobarIslands,Chandigarh,DadraandNagarHaveli,DamanandDiu,
Delhi,Lakshadweep,Puducherry(Pondicherry).
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CBSEClass09SocialScience
RevisionNotes
Chapter-1
Geography-INDIA—SIZEANDLOCATION
Indiaisanancientcivilisationbutnowitisadevelopingnation.Ithasshownremarkable
progressinvariousfields.
Location
IndialiesentirelyintheNorthernHemisphere.
India’smainlandextendsbetween latitudes,and
longitudes.
TheTropicofCancer dividesIndiaintotwoalmostequalparts.
TheislandgroupsofLakshadweepandAndman&NicobararealsopartofIndia.
Size
Coveringanareaof3.28millionsquarekilometres,India’stotalareais2.4%ofthe
totalgeographicalareaoftheworld.
Indiaistheworld’sseventhlargestcountrywithalandboundaryofabout15,200km,
withtotallengthofthecoastlinebeing7,516.6km.
India’seast-westextentappearstobesmallerthanthenorth-southextent.
India'slatitudinalandlongitudinalextentisabout30degrees.
India'sstandardtimeisbasedon82.30degreesEmeridian,whichpassesnear
MirzapurinUP.
Latitudinalextentinfluencesdurationofthedayandnight.
IndiaandtheWorld
TheIndianlandmassiscentrallylocatedbetweenWestandEastAsia.
ThetransIndianoceanroutesconnectcountriesinthewestandcountiesintheeast.
India’sprotrudingDeccanPeninsulahelpedIndiatoestablishclosecontactswith
WestAsia,AfricaandEurope,South-eastandEastAsia.
India’scontactswiththeworldvialandroutesaremuchmorethanhermaritime
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contacts.
Indiaistheonlynationwhichhasaoceannamedafterit.
Indiahascontributedalottotheworldinformsofideas,philosophies(Upanishads,
Ramayana,Panchtantra)andmathematics(Indiannumeralsanddecimalsystem).
Inexchange,India’sarchitecturewasinfluencedbyGreeksculptureandarchitectural
stylesfromWestAsia.
India’sNeighbours
IndiahasanimportantpositioninSouthAsiaandhas29Statesand7Union
Territories.
IndiasharesitsboundarieswithPakistan,Afghanistan,China,Nepal,Bangladesh,
MyanmarandBhutan.
Thesouthernneighboursacrosstheseaconsistofthetwoislandcountries,namely
MaldivesandSriLanka.
ShriLankaisseparatedfromIndiabyPakStrait,anarrowstripofsea.
Indiaalwayshaveandhadstronggeographicalandhistoricallinkswithher
neighbours.
IndiastandsapartfromtherestofAsia.
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CBSEClass9SocialScience
ImportantQuestions
GeographyChapter-1
India-SizeandLocation
3marksQuestions
1.NamethesouthernmostpointofIndia?Isitvisibletoday?
Ans.TheSouthernmostpointofIndiaisIndirapoint.
TheIndirapointissituatedintheGreatNicobargroupofIslandinAndamanNicobarisland
groups.
Itisnotvisibletodaybecauseitwassubmergedundertheseainthe2004Tsunami.
2.Whichismostimportantlatitudeofthecountry?Givereason.
Ans.Thetropicofcanceristhemostimportantlatitudeofthecountry.
Itissituatedat23½N.
Thetropicofcancerdividesthecountryintotwoequalparts.
Italsodividesthecountryintotwoclimaticzones.
3.WhichismostimportantLongitudeofthecountry?Givereason.
Ans.82°30’E,longitudeisthemostimportantlongitudeofourcountry.
Toavoidconfusionandchaosinallactivitiestobecausedbyhavingadifferentlocaltimefor
differentplaces.
ThecentralMeridian82°30’EistakenastheIndianStandardTime.
Itisacceptedalloverthecountryforuniformityoftime.
4.Whyisthedifferencebetweenthedurationofdayandnighthardlyfeltat
KanyakumaributnotsoinKashmir?
Ans.Kanyakumariissituatednearertoequatoranditliesinequatorialzone.
Inequatorialzonesthedurationofdayandnightarealmostequal.
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Kashmirliesinthesubtropicalzone.Herethedurationofdayandnightisnotequal.
SothedurationofdayandnightismoreprominentinKashmirthaninKanyakumari.
5.WhycountriesoftheworldselectedtheirownStandardMeridians?
Ans.EverycountryhasaStandardTimetoavoidconfusionoftime.
ItistimeofitsCentralorStandardMeridian.
EachMeridianhasitsownlocaltimewhichisthesuntimeorlocaltimeofthatparticular
place.
Toavoidconfusionandchaosinallactivitiestobecausedbyhavingadifferentlocaltimefor
differentplacesthecentralmeridianisselectedasStandardTime.
SomeCountrieswhosesizeisverylargetheyhavetheirdifferenttimezones.
6.TwofeaturesAandBaremarkedinthegivenpoliticalmapofIndia.Identifythese
featureswiththehelpofthefollowinginformationandwritetheircorrectnameson
thelinesmarkedonthemap.
i)SouthernmostPointofIndia
ii)SouthernmosttipofIndianmainland
Onthesamepoliticalmaplocateandlabelthefollowing
iii)Easternmostmeridian
Ans.
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7.Explainthemajorreasonforthetwohourtimedifferenceinthelocaltimebetween
ArunachalPradeshandGujarat?
Ans.Indiahaslongitudinalextentof30°.Duetothis,thereisatimelagoftwohoursbetween
thesunriseontheeasternmostandthewesternmosthorizonsofIndia.
Duetorotation,theearthtakes4minutestorotatethrough1°oflongitude.Thedifferencein
timeisonehourfor15°oflongitude.
Therefore,foralongitudinalextentof30°ofIndia,thereisatimelagoftwohours.
Whenitis6a.m.inArunachalPradesh,itisstill4a.m.inGujaratandJaisalmer.
8.Althoughthelatitudinalandlongitudinalextentofthemainlandisabout30°theeast
westextentappearstobesmallerthanthenorthsouthextent.Why?
Ans.Theeastwestextentappearstobesmallerthannorthsouthextentdespitethefactthat
thelatitudinalandlongitudinalextentofthemainlandisabout30°.
Itisbecausethedistancebetweenthelongitudesreducesaswemovetowardsthepolesfrom
theequatorandeastwestextentislessinkilometers.
AsIndialiesonthetropicofcancersoincomparisonwithequatorthedistancebetweenthe
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longitudesislessthanthatontheequator.
9.WhatissizeofIndia?Whatisitsrankwithrespecttotheworldintermsofsize?
Ans.ThelandmassofIndiahasanareaof3.28millionsquarekm.
India’stotalareaaccountsfor2.4percentofthetotalgeographicalareaoftheworld.
Indiaistheseventhlargestcountryoftheworld.
10.WhyisIndiacalledaSubcontinent?
Ans.Indiaiscalledasubcontinentbecauseitisabiglandmass.
Thisstandsoutasadistinctgeographicalunitfromtherestofthecontinent.
Itisseparatedbynaturalfeatureslikemountainsandrivers.
IndiaisalsoseparatedfromrestofthecontinentbythemightyHimalayas.
11.HowcanyousaythatIndiahadcloselinkswithotherpartsoftheworldinancient
times?
Ans.Thevariouspassesacrossthemountainsinthenorthhaveprovidedpassagestothe
ancienttravelers.
Theserouteshavecontributedintheexchangeofideasandcommoditiessinceancienttimes.
TheideaofUpanishadsandRamayana,thestoriesofPanchtantra,theIndiannumeraland
thedecimalsystemthuscouldreachpartsoftheworld.
12.TwofeaturesAandBaremarkedinthegivenpoliticalmapofIndia.Identifythese
featureswiththehelpofthefollowinginformationandwritetheircorrectnameson
thelinesmarkedonthemap.
i)AnislandlyingintheArabiansea
ii)AnislandlyingintheBayofBengal
OnthesamepoliticalmaplocateandlabelthefollowingstateofIndia
iii)Telangana
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Ans.
13.Statethereasonfortimelagbetweensunrisesontheeasternmostandthe
westernmosthorizonsofIndia.
Ans.Indiahaslongitudinalextentof30°.Duetothis,thereisatimelagoftwohoursbetween
thesunriseontheeasternmostandthewesternmosthorizonsofIndia.
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Duetorotation,theearthtakes4minutestorotatethrough1°oflongitude.Thedifferencein
timeisonehourfor15°oflongitude.
Therefore,foralongitudinalextentof30°ofIndia,thereisatimelagoftwohours
Whenitis6a.m.inArunachalPradesh,itisstill4a.m.inGujaratandJaisalmer.
14.ListsixcountriesoftheworldbiggerthanIndia.
Ans.Russia,Canada,China,UnitedStatesofAmerica,Australia,Brazil,India
15.ExplainwhyAhmadabadandKolkataareabletoseethenoonsunexactlyoverhead
inayearbutnotDelhi.
Ans.ThesetwocitiesliewithintheTropicofcancer.
Thetropicofcanceristhecircleoflatitudeontheearththatmarkstheapparentpositionof
thesunatthetimeofthenorthernsolstice.
Itisalsothefarthestnorthlatitudeatwhichthesuncanbedirectlyoverhead.
SoinDelhithesunisneverdirectlyoverhead.
16.WriteashortnoteonthelocationofIndia?
Ans.ThelandmassofIndiahasanareaof3.28millionsq.km.
Indiahasalandboundaryofabout15200kmandlengthofcoastlineincludingislandis
7516.6km.
Indiaisseventhlargestcountryoftheworld.
17.WriteashortnoteonthelocationofIndia?
Ans.Indiaisavastcountrywhichliesinthenorthernhemisphere.
Themainlandextendsbetweenlatitudes8°4’and37°6’NandLongitude68°7’Eand97°25’E.
Tropicofcancer23°30’Ndividesthecountryintotwoparts.
18.TwofeaturesAandBaremarkedinthegivenpoliticalmapofIndia.Identifythese
featureswiththehelpofthefollowinginformationandwritetheircorrectnameson
thelinesmarkedonthemap.
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i)ThestraitseparatingSriLankafromIndia
ii)NorthernmostState
Onthesamepoliticalmaplocateandlabeltheneighboringcountry
iii)Nepal
Ans.
19.ExplainthetwotypesofstatesfoundinIndiabefore1947.
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Ans.Before1947thereweretwotypesofstatesinIndia-theprovincesandtheprincely
states.
ProvincesarerulesdirectlybyBritishofficialswhowereappointedbytheViceroy.
Princelystateswereruledbylocalhereditaryrulers,whoacknowledgedsovereigntyin
returnforthelocalautonomy.
20.Indiaistheoneoftheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Explain.
Ans.Yes,Indiaistheoneofancientcivilizationintheworld.
TheideaofUpanishadsandRamayana,thestoriesofPanchtantra.
TheideaoftheIndiannumeralandthedecimalsystemthuscouldreachpartsoftheworld.
India’scontactswiththeworldhavecontinuedthroughtheagesbutherrelationships
throughthelandroutesaremucholderthanthemaritimecontacts.
21.NametheIndianstateswhicharesituatedontheeasterncoastofIndia.
Ans.WestBengal,Odisha,Telangana,AndhraPradeshandTamilNadu.
22.NametheIndianstateswhicharesituatedonthewesterncoastofIndia.
Ans.Kerala,Karnataka,GoaandMaharashtra
23.NamethesevensisterstatesofIndia.
Ans.Assam,Meghalaya,Tripura,NagalandManipur,Mizoram,ArunachalPradesh
24.TwofeaturesAandBaremarkedinthegivenpoliticalmapofIndia.Identifythese
featureswiththehelpofthefollowinginformationandwritetheircorrectnameson
thelinesmarkedonthemap.
i)Aplacesituatedonthreeseas
ii)TheimaginarylinewhichdivideIndiaintotwoequalpartsOnthesamepolitical
maplocateandlabelthefollowing
iii)IndianstandardMeridian
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Ans.
25.Whyis82°30’EtakenastheIndianStandardTime?
Ans.Theearthrotatesonitsaxisin24hours.
Inthistimeitcovers360°.
Eachdegreeoflongitudecovers4minutes.
ThecentralMeridian82°30’E.Whenmultipliedby4minutesitcomesto330minutesor5
hoursand30minutes.
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SoIST=GMT+51/2hours.GreenwichMeanTimerefersto0°longitudes.
26.ThecentrallocationofIndiaattheheadoftheIndianoceanisconsideredofgreat
significance.Why.
Ans.TheIndianlandmasshasacentrallocationbetweentheEastandtheWestAsia.
IndiaisasouthwardextensionoftheAsianContinent.TheTransIndianOceanrouteswhich
connectthecountriesofEuropeinthewestandthecountriesofEastAsiaprovideastrategic
centrallocationtoIndia.TheDeccanPeninsulaprotrudesintotheIndianOceanthushelping
IndiaestablishclosecontactwithWestAsia,AfricaandEuropefromthewesterncoastand
withsoutheastandeastAsiafromtheeasterncoast.
27.InwhichhemispheredoesIndialiewithreferencetothePrimemeridian?Mention
thevalueofthestandardMeridianofIndia.
Ans.IndialiesintheeasternhemispherewithreferencetothePrimemeridian.
IndialiesintheeastofthePrimeMeridian,between68°7’Eand97°25’E.
Indiahasaccepted82°30’ElongitudeastheStandardMeridianofIndia.
28.ExplainwhyAhmadabadandKolkataareabletoseethenoonsunexactlyoverhead
inayearbutnotDelhi.
Ans.ThesetwocitiesliewithintheTropicofcancer.
Thetropicofcanceristhecircleoflatitudeontheearththatmarkstheapparentpositionoft
hesunatthetimeofthenorthernsolstice.Itisalsothefarthestnorthlatitudeatwhichthe
suncanbedirectlyoverhead.SoinDelhithesunisneverdirectlyoverhead.
29.ExplainthetwotypesofstatesfoundinIndiabefore1947.
Ans.Before1947thereweretwotypesofstatesinIndia-theprovincesandtheprincely
states.ProvincesarerulesdirectlybyBritishofficialswhowereappointedbytheViceroy.
Princelystateswereruledbylocalhereditaryrulers,whoacknowledgedsovereigntyin
returnforthelocalautonomy
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30.TwofeaturesAandBaremarkedinthegivenpoliticalmapofIndia.Identifythese
featureswiththehelpofthefollowinginformationandwritetheircorrectnameson
thelinesmarkedonthemap.
i)TheareawisesmalleststateonthewestcoastofIndia
ii)NorthernmostlatitudeofIndia
Onthesamepoliticalmaplocateandlabelthefollowing
iii)TheareawiselargeststateofIndia
Ans.