CAUSATIVE VERBS CAUSATIVE VERBS

A causative verbA causative verb expresses a expresses a cause, for example blacken cause, for example blacken which means ‘to cause to which means ‘to cause to become black’ become black’

STRATEGIES FOR CAUSATIVE STRATEGIES FOR CAUSATIVE VERB ITEMSVERB ITEMSASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS:ASK YOURSELF THESE QUESTIONS: Does the Does the subjectsubject of the noun clause of the noun clause that that follows the causative verbfollows the causative verb perform perform the the actionaction? If so, is the verb after that ? If so, is the verb after that noun clause the noun clause the simple formsimple form, the , the infinitive infinitive formform, or the , or the present participlepresent participle form of the form of the verb? verb?

INCORRECTINCORRECT [I had my coworker [I had my coworker helped me.]helped me.]CORRECTCORRECT I I hadhad my coworker my coworker helphelp me. me.INCORRECTINCORRECT [I got my coworker [I got my coworker helphelp me.]me.]CORRECTCORRECT I got my coworker I got my coworker totome.me.INCORRECTINCORRECT [The supervisor had him [The supervisor had him stocked shelves all day.]stocked shelves all day.]CORRECTCORRECT The supervisor The supervisor hadhad him him stockingstocking shelves all day. shelves all day.

Does the Does the subjectsubject of the noun clause of the noun clause that follows the causative verb that follows the causative verb receive the receive the actionaction? If so, is ? If so, is the verb after that noun the verb after that noun clause the past participleclause the past participle (-ed/-en) (-ed/-en) form of form of the verb?the verb?INCORRECTINCORRECT Mr. Watson wants the Mr. Watson wants the report rewrote soon.] report rewrote soon.] CORRECTCORRECT Mr. Watson Mr. Watson wantswants the the report report rewrittenrewritten soon. soon.

STRUCTURES FOR STRUCTURES FOR CAUSATIVE VERBSCAUSATIVE VERBS

1. To 1. To havehave someone someone dodo sth sth ((bare infi.bare infi.))Ex : I Ex : I hadhad my wife my wife washwash my my clothesclothes

2. 2. To To havehave sth sth donedone ( (p.pp.p))Ex 2: I Ex 2: I hadhad my clothes my clothes washedwashed (by my wife) (by my wife)

3. To 3. To havehave someone someone doingdoing sth (sth (V-ingV-ing))Ex: I Ex: I hadhad him him typingtyping all day all day

4. To 4. To getget someone someone to doto do sth sth ((to Infi.to Infi.))Ex: I got him to finish that Ex: I got him to finish that before five.before five.5. To 5. To getget sth sth donedone (p.p) (p.p)Ex: I Ex: I gotgot that that finishedfinished (by (by him).him).

6. To 6. To want/order want/order + Obj. + Obj. (someone/sth) + V ((someone/sth) + V (p.pp.p))Ex: I Ex: I wantedwanted that report that report typedtyped by by noon.noon.Ex: He Ex: He orderedordered the area the area clearedcleared by by Friday.Friday.

7. To 7. To forceforce someone someone to doto do sth (sth (To Infi.To Infi.))Ex: We Ex: We forcedforced him him to goto go out out

8. To 8. To make/letmake/let someone someone dodo sth (bare infi.)sth (bare infi.)Ex: He Ex: He mademade his son his son staystay at at home home

1. The guard made the visitors 1. The guard made the visitors ...... at the gate....... at the gate.(A) waiting(A) waiting(B) waited(B) waited(C) to wait (C) to wait (D) wait(D) wait

2. My assistant wasn’t able to 2. My assistant wasn’t able to get his check ...... because the get his check ...... because the bank bank was was closed.closed.(A) cash(A) cash(B) cashed(B) cashed(C) cashing (C) cashing (D) cashes (D) cashes

To cash (a cheque/check)To cash (a cheque/check) to to exchange a cheque/check for exchange a cheque/check for the amount of money that it is the amount of money that it is worthworth

3. Our company wants its 3. Our company wants its customers ...... .customers ...... .(A) satisfies(A) satisfies(B) satisfying(B) satisfying(C) satisfied(C) satisfied(D) satisfy (D) satisfy

To satisfyTo satisfy [vn] ( [vn] (not used in the not used in the progressive tensesprogressive tenses) to make sb ) to make sb pleased by doing or giving them pleased by doing or giving them what they want: Nothing satisfies what they want: Nothing satisfies him—he’s always complaining. him—he’s always complaining. The proposed plan will not satisfy The proposed plan will not satisfy everyone. everyone. SatisfactionSatisfaction (n) (n) SatisfactorySatisfactory (adj.) (adj.)

4. I’ll have my secretary ...... 4. I’ll have my secretary ...... for the package.for the package.(A) will sign(A) will sign(B) signs(B) signs(C) sign (C) sign (D) to sign (D) to sign

To signTo sign to write your name on to write your name on a document, letter, etc. to a document, letter, etc. to show that you have written it, show that you have written it, that you agree with what it that you agree with what it says, or that it is genuine:says, or that it is genuine:[v, vn] Sign here, please. Sign [v, vn] Sign here, please. Sign your name here, please. your name here, please.

5. Before the prime minister 5. Before the prime minister arrived, the police ordered the arrived, the police ordered the area ...... .area ...... .(A) clear(A) clear(B) cleared(B) cleared(C) clearing(C) clearing(D) be clear (D) be clear

To clear A (of B) | To clear B To clear A (of B) | To clear B (from/off A)(from/off A) to remove sth to remove sth that is not wanted or needed that is not wanted or needed from a placefrom a place

6. We forced our 6. We forced our competitors ...... their prices. competitors ...... their prices. (A) to lower(A) to lower(B) lower(B) lower(C) lowered(C) lowered(D) lowering (D) lowering

CompetitorCompetitor (n) a person or an (n) a person or an organization that competes organization that competes against others, especially in against others, especially in business: our main / major business: our main / major competitor competitor

To lowerTo lower to reduce sth or to to reduce sth or to become less in value, quality, become less in value, quality, etc.: [vn] He lowered his voice etc.: [vn] He lowered his voice to a whisper. This drug is used to a whisper. This drug is used to lower blood pressure. to lower blood pressure.   OPP  OPP  To raiseTo raise

7. With some effort, Ms. 7. With some effort, Ms. Manson got her schedule ...... .Manson got her schedule ...... .(A) to change(A) to change(B) changed (B) changed (C) change(C) change(D) changing (D) changing

8. The boss had me ...... all of 8. The boss had me ...... all of last month’s sales figures. last month’s sales figures. (A) to check(A) to check(B) checked (B) checked (C) checking(C) checking(D) checks (D) checks

9. The airport guard made 9. The airport guard made us ...... our pockets at the us ...... our pockets at the security gate.security gate.(A) to empty(A) to empty(B) empty(B) empty(C) emptying (C) emptying (D) emptied (D) emptied

To empty sth (out/out of sth)To empty sth (out/out of sth)||To To empty sth (of sth)empty sth (of sth) to remove to remove everything that is in a container, everything that is in a container, etc.:etc.:I emptied out my pockets but I emptied out my pockets but could not find my keys. could not find my keys. To empty (out)To empty (out) to become empty: to become empty:The tank empties out in five The tank empties out in five minutes. minutes.

10. The architects want all the 10. The architects want all the hallways ...... .hallways ...... .(A) widen(A) widen(B) widened (B) widened (C) widening (C) widening (D) to widen (D) to widen

11. . To widenTo widen to become to become wider; to make sth wider; to make sth wider: [v] Her eyes wider: [v] Her eyes widened in surprise.widened in surprise.22. to become larger in . to become larger in degree or range; to degree or range; to make sth larger in make sth larger in degree or range: [v] degree or range: [v] the widening gap the widening gap between rich and poor. between rich and poor.

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