Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Liberty Plaza, 335 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901

http://rwjms.rutgers.edu/boggscenter p. 732-235-9300 f. 732-235-9330

Cathy Ficker Terrill, MS CEO

The Council on Quality and Leadership Elmhurst, IL

Social Capital is One Quality Outcome That Leads to a Wonderful Life

May 2, 2014

Doubletree Suites, Mt. Laurel, NJ The attached handouts are provided as part of The Boggs Center’s continuing education and dissemination activities. Please note that these items are reprinted by permission from the author. If you desire to reproduce them, please obtain permission from the originator.

 

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BRIDGES TO THE COMMUNITY

BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL

C AT H Y F I C K E R T E R R I L L A N D B E T H T E R R I L L

Sometimes our light goes out.

But it is blown again into flame by an encounter with another human being. Each of us owes the deepest thanks to those who have kindled this light.

- Albert Schweitzer

SOCIAL CAPITAL FIRST APPEARED IN PRINT IN THE 1950’S

The World Bank defines social capital as:

“The social relationships…that enable people to coordinate

action to achieve desired goals.”

ALL PEOPLE MAY BE CREATED EQUAL, BUT...

We are each born into different circumstances…..

With different amounts of social capital.

My friend Mike….go to guy at the grocery store

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ACCORDING TO PIERCE BOURDIEU...

“Social capital are the advantages and opportunities that accrue to people through their membership in groups.”

Social Capital in theCreation of Human Capital

WAITING 30 YEARS FOR DENA’S BAT MITSVAH

FROM BRIDGES IN THE COMMUNITY TO SOCIAL CAPITAL

How can you help individuals with disabilities build their social capital to enhance

their lives?

HOW TO BUILD AN ALLERGY FREE HOUSE?

League bowling has decreased 40%

Individual bowlers have increased 10%

Civic group membership has decreased

Volunteer Hours decreased

BOWLING ALONEROBERT PUTNAM

Social Capital is decliningpeople are becoming disconnected

Voter turnout has decreased

Church attendance has decreased

Union membership has decreased

WE ALL NEED A FRIEND

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o For every person, something works.

o What we focus on becomes our reality.

o The act of asking questions of a person influences the person in some way.

o If we carry parts of the past forward, lets bring what is best about the past.

o It is critical to value differences.

o New experiences help us discover new realities.

ASSUMPTIONS OF APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY PERSONAL OUTCOME MEASURES®2003 2006 + or -

People Choose Services 47% 87% +40%

People Realize Goals 63% 100% +37%

Connected to Natural Sup. 52% 81% +29%

Different Social Roles 21% 50% +29%

People Have Friends 58% 81% +23%

Use their Environment 78% 100% +22%

Source: Ray Graham Association

40.0%

41.0%

44.8%

45.3%

50.0%

50.2%

52.7%

55.9%

56.5%

62.7%

65.0%

71.2%

72.8%

73.9%

75.0%

75.5%

76.0%

76.5%

78.9%

82.1%

85.5%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

People choose where they work

People perform different social roles

People live-in integrated environments

People choose where and with whom they live

People choose personal goals

People exercise rights

People have friends

People choose services

People are treated fairly

People are connected to natural support networks

People participate in life of the community

People have intimate relationships

People interact with members of the community

People realize personal goals

People are respected

People have the best possible health

People use their environments

People decide when to share personal information

People experience continuity and security

People are free from abuse and neglect

People are safe

Personal Outcome Measures® June 2013 (n = 7,806) SPECIFIC OUTCOMES CORRELATED WITH TOTAL OUTCOMES - PREDICTORS

HIGHEST

Exercise Rights .537

Are Treated Fairly .523

Choose where and with whom they live .517

Interact with members of the community .501

Choose where they work .499

LOWEST

Decide when to share information .337

Have the best possible health .310

Free from abuse and neglect .284

Experience continuity and security .276

Are safe .192

n = 7,806* All correlations are significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)

o Safety, security and health are well supported in organizations.

o Exercising meaningful choice in important life decisions remains a challenge for most people.

o Community integration and enhanced social roles are least likely to be present in people’s lives

20 YEARS OF EVIDENCE BASED LEARNING FROM LISTENING

o Fewer than ½ of the people interviewed were exercising choices in a way that was meaningful to them.

o Participation and interaction in the community were present for about 65%

o 53% reported having friends

o Roughly 44% are fully integrated in the community

o 8 out of 10 report being safe and free from abuse and neglect

20 YEARS OF EVIDENCE BASED LEARNING AND LISTENING

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WHAT PEOPLE WANT:

o To be participants in their community

o To be empowered to make choices

o To do paid or volunteer work

o To participate in self-directed services

o To define their own quality of life with outcomes

o To be connected to friends & family

BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL WITH PWD

EMPLOYMENT THROUGH SOCIAL CAPITAL NEW TRIBES

TV Show: Friends It is a new tribeTribes: Friends to hang out withTribes: Thanksgiving, ChristmasTribes: Not Villages

THERESA LIVED IN A DORM…..

Who lived in a dorm?

Who lived in a army barrack?

What happened to a home of your own by yourself or one or two friends?

You can build social capital when you are participating in the community

KEEPING FRIENDS WITH TECHNOLOGY

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LOW TECH SUPPORTS TO BUILD SOCIAL CAPITAL RISK

Risk Happens.

Technology..

Safety..

Cell phones

SUBSTITUTE DECISION MAKING…MOVING TO SUPPORTED DECISION MAKING

The responsibilities of a substitute decision maker.Is based upon what the person would

have decided for themselves?Moving to supported decision making

According to Robert Putnam...

Social Capital = Reciprocity

If you do something for someone, they are more likely to return the favor.

HELPING NEIGHBORS

A few good men in Bloomingdale

Helping a single mom with the lawn

Elderly lady with the trash

A retired train guy

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SOCIAL CAPITALPeople helping people in long-term relationships.

Trade visitsRun errands

Do favors for one another

Most people can manage 5 - 10 strong relationships.

Strengths

Enjoys spitting

Drinking beer

Stealing beer

Poker

Likes guys

Loves Pancakes

….AND THEN THERE WAS JOHN ADVANTAGES OF SOCIAL CAPITAL

Friends you can confide inA neighbor who watches your house

An uncle who gets you a jobA ride to the grocery store

Ideas and information

Richard FloridaThe Rise of the Creative Class

Communities use social capital to channel diversity and creativity and achieve stability.

Jane JacobsThe Death & Life of Great American Cities

People helping People

space and time to connect time to demonstrate trust a means to effectively

communicate an opportunity for genuine

participation -NOT MERE PRESENCE

Cohen & PrusakIn Good Company

How Social Capital Makes

Organizations Work

IN ORDER TO DEVELOP SOCIAL CAPITAL,

PEOPLE NEED:

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SOVIET UNIONAN EXAMPLE OF A STATE UNABLE TO TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE OF ITS IMMENSE RESOURCES BECAUSE THEY LACK SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Focus Group: Baltic States Family Support

Capacity for choice

Learn to speak for ourselves

Access to information

Learn to dream

Learn to connect: Social Capital

RGA RESPITE PROGRAMProvider drivenProfessionally providedLimited to in-home supportsCapacity for social capital - limited

BETH TERRILL’S RESPITE

“Mom, respite used to give you a break from me, but now I need a break from

you and dad. I need some more friends.”

RGA RESPITE PROGRAM

Respite converts to Self-Determination Model

Parents are encouraged to use the dollars to expand their social capital and natural supports

LINDA HEDGER…… MY RESPITE WORKER LINDA HEDGER…… MY FRIEND

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My son has Cerebral Palsy and wants to go to camp…

My son has Autism and likes to run…

My daughter, who has MR, is in high school and has no friends...

Therapeutic Interventions

Social Capital

Social capital, like other forms of capital, accumulate when used productively…

Jane FountainSocial Capital: A Key Enabler

1998

1 Friend + 1 Friend = More Friends

Community ConnectorsFamily Connectors

Employment ConnectionsOr

Are you using the funds to create segregation?

HOW I HELP TIA… HOW TIA HELPS ME

Stocks of social capital, such as trust and networks, tend to be self-reinforcing and cumulative.

Robert PutnamThe Prosperous Community

1993

A family needed a ramp - was it a deck?Neighborhood party Alderperson

Social Capital

SOCIAL CAPITAL HELPS PEOPLE TO

CHANGE…GROW…SOAR

Better knowledge sharing Dollars go farther Access to new dollars Natural Supports

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NEVER DOUBT THAT A SMALL GROUP OF COMMITTED INDIVIDUALS CAN AND WILL CHANGE THE WORLD.

- MARGARET MEAD

Families have changed the world. They started the advocacy movement for pwd They fought and won funding for special education. They secured funding for Family Support. Families used the social capital to make change.

They partner. They network. They share.

THE POWER OF PLACESocial relationships grow in social spaces.

People meet in cafés, pubs, parks, post offices, and malls.People connect and exchange gossip and advice.They form and strengthen ties that bind them into

communities.They build trust and understanding.

Cohen & Prusak, In Good Company (2001)

Do we give people with disabilities the support they need in order to have space and time to connect?

BRIDGES TO THE COMMUNITY

BUILDING SOCIAL CAPITAL

MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL

FROM BRIDGES IN THE COMMUNITY TO SOCIAL CAPITAL

How can we help individuals with disabilities build their social capital to enhance

their lives?

SOCIAL CAPITAL …. FRIENDS

Should we measure friends and community connections?

Is it a critical outcome?

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LOOKING AT THE DATA

Using the Personal Outcome Measures® we can see that:

a.Outcomes related to Social Capital are not constant; they ebb and flow; and,

b. Having appropriate supports in place to facilitate Social Capital activities correlates to people achieving outcomes associated with Social Capital.

LOOKING AT THE DATA CONTINUED…

Consider the outcome: people participate in the life of the community.

Over the past 15 years, the percentage of individuals achieving this outcome has continued to increase. Also shown is that during times when a higher percentage of individuals have supports in place to achieve this outcome, a higher percentage of individuals do achieve the outcome.

69.7%

60.5%63.4%

72.0%

65.3%

72.0%69.7%

79.9%

85.3%

73.9%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

1993-1998 (n=1809)

1999-2004 (n=3497)

2005-2009(n=1172)

2010-2013(n=640)

20 Year Avg. (n= 7746)

People participate in the life of the community

Outcome Present

Supports In Place

LOOKING AT THE DATA CONTINUED…

Consider the outcome: People perform different social roles

Over the past 20 years, the percentage of individuals achieving this outcome has decreased, while the percentage of individuals with supports in place to achieve this outcome have stayed relatively constant.

45.2%43.4%

36.9%

42.5% 41.2%43.2% 43.0% 41.6%

49.2%

41.8%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

55%

1993-1998(n= 1809)

1999-2004(n =3497)

2005-2009(n=1172)

2010-2013(n=640)

20 Year Avg.(n = 7746)

People perform different social rolesOutcome PresentSupports In Place

MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL

In 2005, CQL introduced the Social Capital Index. The Social Capital Index is comprised of two primary parts:

• Bonding: what we have with people who are similar to us and who are already part of our social circle.

• People have intimate relationships

• People participate in the life of the community

• People have friends

• People are respected

• People are connected to natural supports

• Bridging: the type of social capital we have from our relationships with others who are less like us and who exist outside our typical social circles.

• People live in integrated environments

• People interact with other members of the community

• People perform different social roles

Put together, these eight personal outcomes represent a broad range of possible entry points to earning Social Capital. Measuring their collective value enables us to make inferences about the level of social capital for organizations, people and communities.

MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL CONTINUED…

58.5% 59.8%56.3%55.3%

57.9%

51.1%

65.8%68.9%

60.5%60.8%65.5%

53.0%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Social Capital Index Bonding Social Capital Bridging Social Capital

Measuring Social Capital Over Time

1999-2004 (n=3497)

2005-2009 (n=1172)

2010-2013 (n=640)

1993-2013 (n=7746)

MEASURING SOCIAL CAPITAL CONTINUED…

It is important to remember that the components of social capital (bonding and bridging) can be constantly moving. At times, bonding components can increase while bridging components decrease or vice versa.

The goal is to support the individual components of social capital to help build, maintain and grow relationships.

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Cathy Ficker Terrill

President & CEO

cfterrill@thecouncil.org

For more information, visit:

www.thecouncil.org

CONTACT INFORMATION

Social Capital Resource List

Prepared by Cathy Ficker Terrill

Baker, Wayne (2000). Achieving Success Through Social Capital. Jossey-Bass. Baron, Stephen, John Field, & Tom Schuller, Editors (2000). Social Capital: Critical Perspectives. Oxford University Press. “Better Together: Report of the Saguaro Seminar on Civic Engagement in America.” John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (Cambridge. MA: 2000) Available on-line from www.bettertogether.org . Cohen, Don & Laurence Prusak (2001). In Good Company: How Social Capital Makes Organizations Work. Harvard Business School Press. Community Initiatives Web Site: www.communityinitiatives.com. “Friends: A Manual for Connecting Persons with Disabilities and Community Members” Human Services Research and Development Center. Available from The Minnesota Governor’s Planning Council on Developmental Disabilities. Fiffer, Steve & Sharon Sloan Fiffer (1994). 50 Ways to Help Your Community. Doubleday. Holland, Gail Bernice (1998). A Call for Connection. New World Library. Hollowell, Edward M. (1999). Connect: 12 Vital Ties that Open Your Heart, Lengthen Your Life, and Deepen Your Soul. Simon& Schuster. Hope Magazine: Inspiring People. Encouraging Change. www.hopemag.com. Hyde, Catherine Ryan (2000). Pay It Forward. Simon & Schuster. Messer, J. (1998). Agency, communion and formation of social capital. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 27 (I), 5-12. “Philia: A Dialogue on Citizenship”. www.philia.ca

Putnam, Robert (2000). Bowling Alone: Collapse and Rival of the American Community. Simon & Schuster. Rogers, Peter D., Lisa Franfort, & Metther McKay (2002). The Community Building Companion. New Harbinger Publications. Schneider, J.A. (2009). Organizational social capital and nonprofits. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38(4), 643-662. Schur, Lisa, Todd Shields, Key Schriner. “Growing Older Alone? Social Capital, Age, Participation, and Disability”. Rutgers University. Simon, Rachel (2002). Riding the Bus with My Sister: A True Life Journey. Houghton Miffling Co. Snow, Judith A. “Dreaming, speaking, and creating: What I know about community.” Developmental Disabilities Bulletin, 1991, 19 (1), pp 12-27. Available over the web: www.quasar.ualberta,ca/ddc/ddb/snow.html. Wenger, Etinne, Richard McDermott, &William M. Synder. (2002). Cultivating Communities of Practice. Harvard Business School Press.

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