case study bosnia
DESCRIPTION
Class presentation on BosniaTRANSCRIPT
Case Study in Conflict Resolution: Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH)
Босна и Херцеговина (БиХ)
Outline:
I. Early History
II. Conflict 1992 – 1995
III. Post Conflict
History
Illyrians
Illyrians 1200BC
Romans 229BC
WAR 9BC
Roman Empire 395AD
Roman Empire officially splits
along
Drina River
ROMAN EMPIRE Rom
e
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Constantinople
Roman Empire(Roman Catholic Church)
Latin Alphabet
WEST
Byzantine Empire(Christian Orthodox Church)
Cyrillic Alphabet
EAST
Dri
na
Riv
erAdriatic
Sea
BOSNIA SERBIA
Slavs Migrate 5AD - 10AD
BOSNIA
Golden Age of King Ban Kulin
1130AD – 1204AD
KOSOVO
Ottomans
Bosnians
Serbs
Kosovo Field Battle
28.6.1389
BOSNIA
Ottomans completely overtake in 1463
KARLOVAC TREATY REDEFINES BORDERS 1699
Ottoman Empire 1463AD -1878AD
BOSN
IA
Berlin Congress
1878
Ottoman Empire Austria
-Hungary
AUSTRIAHUNGARY
BOSNIA
1908
Yugo Slavia ???
Croatian Intellectuals
Austria-Hungary
Yugoslav Kingdom Serbi
aSlovenia
Croatia
Montenegro
Bosnia Macedonia
Vojvodina
Kosovo
TRASH
kingdom of
Slovenes,
Croats and
Serbs
Treaty of Versailles 1919
1929
Yugoslav Kingdom
Bosnia belongs to Croatia
SFRJ
Tito &
Partisans
End of
WWII
ALLIES
SFRJ – Sovereign Federal Republic Yugoslavia
II Conflict 1992-1995:
SFRJ
Slovenia
Croatia
Serbia
Bosnia
Dissolution of SFRJ 1990-1991
Collapse of SFRJ
1974 – decentralization of SFRJ;
4th May 1980, Tito died at the age of 88 in Ljubljana, Slovenia;
28th February – 1st March Bosnia holds referendum; Bosnian Serb boycott, Serb militia surrounds Sarajevo;
6th April 1992 – recognized by European Commission;
Timeline of Conflict1992• Prijedor: Testing ground for “ethnic cleansing”;• Croats attack Herzegovina
1993• Serbs capture a UN Convoy and kill Bosnia’s Prime
Minister;• Vance-Owen 15-16 May peace plan fails;• ICTY formally established by resolution 827;1994• Siege of Sarajevo ends in February;• Washington Peace Agreement between Bosniak and
Croat forces was signed;
1995 14th December – Dayton Peace Agreement signed ending the war;
Concentration camps:
Bosnia: Omarska, Keraterm, Manjaca,Trnopolje;
Herzegovina: Heliodrom, Dretelj, Gabela, Vojno and Šunje;
Srebrenica Genocide
1993 Naser Oric, Muslim guerilla commander overtakes a Serb city and commits atrocities;
January 1995 UN Dutch battalion arrives in Srebrenica and declares it a UN protected zone;
8,000 Bosniak men killed;
1948 UN Convention on Genocide: Article 2;
Rape Estimated 20,000 – 50,000
Bosnian women were raped;
Rape was systematic and aimed at tainting and discontinuing birth within the ethnic group;
Girls as young as 12 were victims;
Slavenka Drakulic wrote a book “S”, made into a movie “As if I am not there”
Mujahedin
Islamist volunteers or missionaries arrived in Bosnia during the war, not just to fight for the Muslims against the Serbs and Croats, but to propagate a fundamentalist version of Islam to the secular or moderately religious native Bosnian Muslims;
mujahedin did attract converts from a minority of local Bosnian Muslims; it was both the foreigners and their local recruits who spearheaded attacks on non-Muslim - primarily Croat - civilians, churches and government offices and individuals in the years following Dayton;
Foreign mujahedin failed to attract any Bosnian Muslims to the global jihad, but they succeeded at times in catalyzing locals to resist the reconstruction of multinational coexistence in Bosnia;
Foreign mujahedin who engaged in these crimes appear to have been quite content with their modest purposes;
Esad Hecimovic’s ‘Garibs: The Mujahedin in Bosnia-Hercegovina, 1992-1999’
III Post Conflict
ICTY/ ICTJ
The Tribunal has contributed to an indisputable historical record, combating denial and helping communities come to terms with their recent history. Crimes across the region can no longer be denied. For example, it has been proven beyond reasonable doubt that the mass murder at Srebrenica was genocide;
Judges have also ruled that rape was used by members of the Bosnian Serb armed forces as an instrument of terror, and the judges in the Kvočka et al. trial established that a “hellish orgy of persecution” occurred in the Omarska, Keraterm and Trnopolje camps of northwestern Bosnia;
ICTY has charged over 160 persons;
Political Structure
Republika Srpska and Bosnia Herzegovina, independent Brcko –internationally supervised;
3 seat presidency, rotating every 8 months; Zelko KOMSIC, BAKIR IZETBEGOVIC, NEBOJSA RADMANOVIC;
Elections held every 4 years;
President of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: Zivko BUDIMIR, Vice Presidents Spomenka MICIC, Mirsad KEBO; President of the Republika Srpska: Milorad DODIK;
Parliamentary Assembly: House of Peoples (15 seats, 5 Bosniak, 5 Croat, 5 Serb)and the state-level House of Representatives 42 seats, 28 seats);
Foreign Minister – Sven Alkalaj
Bosnia today
Reconciliation
Military intervention;
Presence of peacekeepers;
Returning refugees;
Haag tribunals;
Svetozar Marovic 2003 issues a public apology;
No Truth and reconciliation Commission;
ICJ decision – Bosnia not a genocide;
Revisionism
Local communities;
Redirecting blame;
Perpetrators free in Bosnia;
Belgrade protest to Karadzic’ arrest;
Darko Trifunovic at the ICT Conference at IDC Herzeliya 2011;
QUESTIONS?