1

ICPD at 15

Caribbean Subregional Expert Group Meeting

20-21 AugustAntigua and Barbuda

Taeke A. GjaltemaPetrina Lee Poy

2

2

Draft Document

• Feed back• Tables updated:

– Tabulated overview (FA)– Indicators request (NSO)

• Input for Regional ICPD-meeting 7-8 October Santiago de Chile

• Third subregional report: 1998, 2003, 2009• ICPD+15: Dutch and English Caribbean (21

countries)

3

3

ICPD

• International Conference on Population and Development 1994 Cairo

• Interrelationship between population growth and other areas of development

• sustainable economic development reducing population growth

4

4

ICPD Plan of Action

• Population and Development not substitutes but complementary

• Integrated model of population change and sustainable development

• Individual choice central• Plan for People• Master Plans for Development

5

5

ICPD Programme of Action: Key elements

• Universal Education• Reduction Infant and Child • Reduction Maternal Morality• Access to Reproductive and Sexual Health

Services including Family Planning• Gender equality and empowerment of women

6

6

ICPD Programme of Action

• ICPD signed by all countries commitment• Commitment by government responsibility• Responsibility for improving lives of all inhabitants• Poverty reduction• Self-determination• Prevention of deaths of children and mothers• Prevention of HIV/AIDS & • Assuring healthy mothers, children, adolescents (and

fathers)

7

7

Before ICPD and beyond

• Regional and subregional meetings• Progress meetings ICPD+5, ICPD+10, ICPD+15• Millennium Development Goals• Other Declarations, Conventions, PoA e.g.:

– Universal Declaration of Human Rights– Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women– Beijing Plan of Action– Rights of the Child– International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant

Workers and their Families– Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities– Vienna International Plan of Ageing & Madrid Plan of Action on Aging

8

8

ICPD/15

Caribbean Subregional Meeting to Assess the Implementation of the Programme of Action of the ICPD 15 Years After its Adoption

• Review and Appraisal– Achievements made to date– Acknowledge gaps and challenges– Recommendations for accelerated progress

9

9

Overview

• Context• Population and sustainable development• Migration• Ageing• Crises

• Reproductive Health Care• Sexual and Reproductive Rights• HIV/AIDS• Gender Equality, Equity and Empowerment of Women• Connection productive and reproductive work

1 0

10

Context: Population Trends

• Population: small countries• Population: slowing growth• Fertility: declined• Life expectancies: relatively high, but

stagnating in some countries• HIV/AIDS: prevalence rates high in some

countries• Migration: negative net-migration

1 1

11

Context: Population

Total Population 2009 (x1000) 2 719

1 339

762

520

342 307 256 198 172 110 109 107 104 88 67 56 52 33 23 15 6 0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

JAM

TTO

GU

Y

SU

R

BH

S

BLZ

BR

B

AN

T

LCA

VIR

VC

T

AB

W

GR

D

ATG

DM

A

CYM

KN

A

TCA

VG

B

AIA

MS

R

1 2

12

Population Change

Total population and population growth Caribbean (21 countries)

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

8000

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 20250

2

4

6

8

10

12

(qui

nque

nnia

l gro

wth

rate

)

1 3

13

Population Change (from 1995)

Change Total Population (1995 = 1)

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Antigua andBarbudaBarbados

Belize

CaymanIslandsGuyana

Montserrat

NetherlandsAntillesSaint Kitts andNevisTrinidad andTobagoCaribbean

1 4

14

TFR

TFR

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1950-1955

1955-1960

1960-1965

1965-1970

1970-1975

1975-1980

1980-1985

1985-1990

1990-1995

1995-2000

2000-2005

2005-2010

Aruba

Bahamas

Barbados

Belize

Grenada

Guyana

Jamaica

NetherlandsAntillesSaint Lucia

St Vincent &GrenadinesSuriname

Trinidad andTobagoUS VirginIslands

1 5

15

Age Dependency

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

OldYoung

1 6

16

Age Dependency

Antigua and Barbuda

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

oldyoung

Belize

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

oldyoung

US Virgin Islands

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

oldyoung

Trinidad and Tobago

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

oldyoung

1 7

17

Context: Economy

• Most countries higher-income or upper-middle income countries

Despite:• Small economies• Small domestic markets• Insularity and isolation• Brain Drain

1 8

18

Context: Economy

• High-income:– Anguilla– Antigua & Barbuda– Aruba– Bahamas– Barbados– British Virgin Islands– Cayman Islands– Netherlands Antilles– Trinidad and Tobago– Turks and Caicos Islands– US Virgin Islands

• Upper-Middle Income:– Dominica– Grenada– Jamaica– Saint Kitts and Nevis– Saint Lucia– St Vincent & Grenadines– Suriname

• Lower-Middle Income:– Belize– Guyana

1 9

19

Context: Economy

• Agricultural sector limited (except Guyana, Belize & Dominica)

• Unemployment in moderate to high (youth unemployment very high)

• Limited internal trade• Most countries heavily indebted (Debt/GDP

ratio, Fiscal & current account deficit )

2 0

20

Public debt as % of GDP

External Internal TotalSaint Kitts and Nevis 57.2 113.1 170.3Jamaica 48.7 58.1 106.8Grenada 78.5 27.8 106.4Guyana 72.0 31.8 103.8Barbados 26.7 72.0 98.7Dominica 66.6 26.7 93.2Antigua and Barbuda 38.9 49.1 88.0Belize 68.9 12.0 80.9Netherlands Antilles 11.4 68.9 80.2Saint Lucia 37.1 33.0 70.2St Vincent & Grenadines 39.4 29.9 69.2Aruba 21.4 20.6 42.0Bahamas 5.6 35.6 41.2Suriname 20.8 12.7 33.5Anguilla 6.4 16.6 23.0Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 9.7 15.5Montserrat 6.8 1.4 8.2

2 1

21

Context: Social

• HDI: Most countries high human development• Poverty: 1/5 to 2/3 below national poverty lines• Income differentials relatively high• Epidemiological transition: chronic non-

communicable diseases• (increasing) Violence concern• Public Health: general access but quality concern• Disability: infrastructure limited• Education: relatively high, drop-outs concern

2 2

22

Context: Social

Population living below National Poverty Line (%)

66Suriname21Trinidad and Tobago

29Saint Lucia19Jamaica35Guyana40Dominica34Belize

18Antigua and Barbuda

2 3

23

Population and Sustainable Development

• Integration population policies and development strategies

• Challenge: integration of existing policies– Interrelatedness of various policy plans– Communication and sharing information

• Timely data, evaluation, analyses• Environmental protection:

– Assets: quality of life, recreation and tourism– Impact: negative effects on population

2 4

24

Interrelatedness of policy plans

• Ageing:– Social Development– Health– Gender– Disaster planning– Disability– Planning department– Housing

2 5

25

Migration

• Address root causes of migration• Re-integration• Impact Multi-dimensional and complex• Data availability limited• Brain Drain (limited brain gain)• Remittances• No comprehensive policies or programmes• Towards free movement or more restrictive?• Undocumented Migrants and Trafficking

2 6

26

Ageing and Older Persons

• National Policies• Self-reliance of older persons• Economic and Social Security• Social Pensions and Contributory Systems• Demographic Dividend• Assistance and Health Care

2 7

27

Emerging Issues

• Food, Energy, Financial-economic Crises– Food security– Energy dependency– Debts, fiscal & current account deficits, balance of

trade• Climate change• Disaster relieve

– Preparedness, mitigation and post-disaster– Vulnerable groups

2 8

28

Part II

• Context• Migration• Ageing• Crises

• Reproductive Health Care• Sexual and Reproductive Rights• HIV/AIDS• Gender Equality, Equity and Empowerment of

Women• Connection productive and reproductive work

2 9

ICPD at 15

Caribbean Subregional Expert Group Meeting

20-21 AugustAntigua and Barbuda

Taeke A. GjaltemaPetrina Lee Poy