cargo work final

8/6/2019 Cargo Work Final

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Grain rules principles

1. in a compartment filled with grain, exist a void space between the grain surface & the deckhead.

2. ship should have sufficient intact stability to provide adequate residual dynamic stability.

3. taken into account the adverse heeling effects caused by an assumed pattern of grain movements.

4. temporary grain fittings to reduce the effects of grain shift.

5. minimum level of acceptable stability for the carriage in terms of initial metacentric height, angle of

heel due to assumed grain shift & residual dynamic stability.

Stability criteria

The angle of Heel due to shift of Grain shall not be greater than 12 or angle at which deckedge is immersed ( for ships build after 94) whichever is least

the net residual area between the heeling arm curve and the righting arm curve up to the angleof heel of maximum difference between the ordinates of two curves or 40 or the angle of

Flooding , whichever is least . Shall in all condition of loading be not less than 0.075 metre

radians: and

The initial metacentric height after correction for the free surface effects of liquid in tanks shallnot be less than 0.30m


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Comparison regulation for general cargo ship & specially suitable ship

Securing of grain

1. to meet the intact stability characteristic as per IMO grain Rules.2. To eliminate the movement /shifting of grain.3. To reduce the adverse heeling effect of grain shift or limit the depth of cargo used for securing

the grain surface.


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grain - covers wheat, maize (corn), oats, rye, barley, rice, pulses, seeds and process forms thereof,

whose behavior is similar to that of grain in its natural state.

filled compartment - any cargo space in which, after loading and trimming, the bulk grain is at its highest

possible level.

Partly filled compartment - any cargo space in which, after loading, which is not filled to the maximum

extent possible.

Methods of Securing Grain

Filled Compartments

- Shifting Board- Saucering Arrangement

P/Filled Compartments

- Shifting Board- Over stowing- Strapping and Lashing- Securing with wire Mesh

Shifting board

- not less than 50mm thick, grain tight, and where necessary supported by uprights.- The end of all shifting boards should be securely housed with a 75 mm minimum bearing length.- Materials other than woods should have an equivalent strength to wooden shifting board.- In filled compartment, must extend downwards from the underside of deck to at least 1/8

breadth of compartment or at least 0.6 m below the surface of the grain after assuming it has

shifted by 15 degrees.

overstowing


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If tarpaulin not available, a platform, consist of wooden bearer, 1.2 m apart & 25mm wooden

board laid on top of platform

D.G segregations

Applies to cargo on or under deck Incompatible Goods shall be segregated from one another Two substances are considered mutually incompatible when their stowage together may result

in undue hazards due to leakage or spillage or any other accident

The extent of Hazard arising from possible reactions my vary hence the segregationrequirements

Segregation is obtained by maintaining certain Distances or by presence of one or two steelbulkheads or decks or combination


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Class 1 hazarddivisions

1.1 - Mass explosion hazard, instantaneous - Gunpowder

1.2 - Projection hazard, but not mass explosion hazard - Rockets & missiles

1.3 - Fire hazard & minor blast / projection hazard - Incendiary ammunition

1.4 - Small hazard - Consumer fireworks

1.5 - Insensitive explosives - Blasting explosives

1.6 - Extremely insensitive detonating substances

Regulation 1 Application

applies to dangerous goods carried in packaged formor in solid form in bulk (in all ships towhich the present regulations apply and in cargo ships of less than 500 tons gross tonnage).

do not apply to ships stores and equipment.


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The carriage of dangerous goods is prohibited except in accordance with the provisions of thispart.

To supplement each Contracting Government shall issue, detailed instructions on safe packagingand stowage of dangerous goods which shall include the precautions necessary in relation to

other cargo.

Regulation 2 Classification

Regulation 3 Packaging

The packaging shall be: Well made and in good condition; any interior surface with which the contents may come in contact is not dangerously

affected by the substance being conveyed; and

Capable of withstanding the ordinary risks of handling and carriage by sea.

use of absorbent or cushioning material is customary in the packaging of liquids in receptacles,that material shall be:

Capable of minimizing the dangers to which the liquid may give rise; So disposed as to prevent movement and ensure that the receptacle remains

surrounded; and

sufficient quantity to absorb the liquid in the event of breakage of the receptacle. Receptacles containing dangerous liquids shall have ullage at the filling temperatures sufficient

to allow for the highest temperatures during the course of normal carriage.

Cylinders or receptacles for gases under pressure shall be adequately constructed, tested,maintained and correctly filled.

Empty unclean receptacles which have been used previously for he carriage of dangerous goodsshall be subject to the provisions of this part for filled receptacles, unless adequate measures

has been taken to nullify any hazard.

Regulation 4 - Marking, labeling and placarding

durably marked with the correct technical name; trade names alone shall not be used. provided with distinctive labels or stencils of the labels, or placards, as appropriate, so as to

make clear the dangerous properties of the goods contained therein.


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marking information will still be identifiable on packages surviving at least three monthsimmersion in the sea. account shall be taken of the durability of the materials used and of the

surface of the package.

Packages containing dangerous goods shall be so marked and labelled except that: Packages containing dangerous goods of a low degree of hazard or packed in limited

quantities; or

When special circumstances permit, packages that are stowed and handled in units thatare identified by labels or placards;

-may be exempted from labeling requirements

Regulation 5 Documents

the correct technical name of the goods shall be used (trade names alone shall not be used) andthe correct description give

prepared by the shipper shall include a signed certificate or declaration that the shipmentoffered for carriage is properly packaged and marked, labelled or placard, as appropriate, and in

proper condition for carriage

ship carrying shall have a special list or manifest setting forth, classification the dangerous goodson board and the location thereof. A detailed stowage plan which identifies by class and sets outthe location may be used in place of such special list or manifest.

Regulation 6 - Stowage requirements

stowed safely and appropriately in accordance with the nature of the goods. Incompatible goods shall

be segregated from one another.

Explosives (except ammunition) shall be stowed in a magazine which shall be kept securely closed while

at sea.segregated from detonators. Electrical apparatus and cables in any compartment in which

explosives are carried shall be so designed and used as to minimize the risk of fire or explosion.

Dangerous goods in packaged form which give off dangerous vapours shall be stowed in a mechanically

ventilated space or on deck. Dangerous good in solid form in bulk which give off dangerous vapours shall

be stowed in a well-ventilated space.

flammable liquids or gases, special precautions shall be taken where necessary against fire or explosion.


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Substances which are liable to spontaneous heating or combustion shall not be carried unless adequate

precautions have been taken to minimize the likelihood of the outbreak of fire.

Dangerous Goods Documentation

The underlying principle ; Dangerous goods in transport must be accompanied by physical documentation It must provide basic information about them.

The documentation is prepared by the Shipper/Consignor prior shipment and transportation. The documentation must be kept in specific locations while the dangerous

goods are in transport

Shipper responsible for preparing and delivering shipping document to thecarrier

Primary Requirement For Documentation To Convey fundamental information relative to hazards of Goods

Shipper responsible for providing description of Dangerous goods & any additional info ifrequired

Document may be in any Form provided it contains all info required as per the code Info required on Dangerous Goods Transport Document

The UN number preceded by letter UN The proper shipping name Technical Name The Primary Hazard Class including Hazard Division & Compatibility Group Letter

as applicable

Subsidiary Hazard Class or Division Number as per subsidiary risk label Packaging Group for Substances where assigned

Info Supplementing the Proper Shipping Name (PSN)

Technical Name for n.o.s& other Generic Description


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Technical or Chemical Group Names Empty Un-cleaned packaging of Class 7 shall be preceded by word EMPTY UNCLEANED For Waste Dangerous Goods (Other Than Radioactive Wastes) being transported for disposal

PSN shall be preceded by the word WASTE

Substance offered for transport in Liquid State at a temp > 100C or Solid State at a temp>240C, MOLTEN or ELEVATED TEMPERATURE should be part of PSN & PSN is preceded by

word HOT.

Marine Pollutant goods are identified as MARINE POLLUTANT For Dangerous Goods having Flash Point Below 60C c.c. The minimum flash point shall be

indicated.

Example of DG Description UN1098, ALLYL ALCOHOL, class 6.1,(class 3) PG I, (21C c.c.)Info on DG document in addition to Description

The total Qty of DG by volume or Mass as appropriate. Net Explosive mass for Dangerous Goods Estimated Qty if in salvage packaging The number & type of Packaging In case of limited quantity the words LTD QTY shall be included For salvage packaging the word SALVAGE PACKAGE shall be included Substances when stabilized by temprature control the word STABILIZED shall be indicated Emergency Temp shall be indicated for self reacting substances of class4.1 For infectious substances full name of Consignee shall be shown on document

Additional info for goods of Class 7

Name & Symbol for each radionuclide Description of physical & Chemical form of the Material Maximum activity of the radioactive content & mass of fissile material Category of Package - white/yellow Transport index Criticality safety index


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Identification mark of competent authority approval certificate For multiple packages in container detailed statement for contents of each package

Info on Transport Document Regarding Action by Carrier

Supplementary requirements for loading, stowage, transport, handling and unloading of thepackage

Container including special stowage provisions for dissipation of heat Restriction on the mode of transport & any routing instructions Emergency arrangement appropriate to the consignment

DG transport Document Certification

To certify that a consignment is acceptable for transport and the goods are properly packagedmarked and labelled, and in proper condition for transport in accordance with the applicable

regulations.

The text for this certification is: I hereby declare that the contents of this consignment are fully and accurately described

above by the Proper Shipping Name, and are classified, packaged, marked, and

labelled/placarded, and are in all respects in proper condition for transport according to

applicable international and national Government Regulations.

The certification shall be signed by the shipper/consignor Where DG Goods documentation is presented in EDP (Electronic Data Processing) or EDI

(Electronic Data Interchange) transmission techniques, the signature may be replaced by Name

in Capital Letters of Authorized Person to sign

Analysis of Failings of D.Goods

An analysis of failings and shortcomings of carrying hazardous materials focussed ondescriptions, certification, labelling, indicated quantities, unauthorised packages, marking of

overpacks, distinguishing between hazardous and non-hazardous materials, technical naming

and securing and bracing of Dangerous Goods packages

Flammability composition diagram


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MethodofC.O.W

1. Single stage2.

Multi stage


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Precautions C.O.W

1. Before washing, any water in the cargo which may be settled as a water bottom should be drawn

from each tanks.

2. If the slop tank has been used for load-on-top purpose, should be completely discharged and refilled

with fresh crude before using it for washing purpose.

3. Any part of the washing system which extends into E/R and the water heater if fitted must be blank

off.

4. Washing should only be carried out when the tank oxygen level is below 8%.

5. C.O.W system should be checked frequently during the operation, drained and flushed with water

after use.

6. A cautionary notice should be posted.

7. Operators should refer to the manual.

8. Personal must be trained for dual operation of discharge and washing at the same time.

9. Port authorities and terminal operators must be notified.

10. C/L and oil record book properly filled.

Use of I.G

1. Inerting of tanks - tanks that have been cleaned and gas-freed should be re-inerted until the oxygen

content is less than 8% by volume.

2. Discharge of water ballast maintain the positive pressure and oxygen content less than 8% by

volume.

3. Loading venting the inert gas through the mast riser or individual tank venting system to avoid

excessive pressure.

4. Loaded condition maintain the positive pressure of at least 100 mm water gauge.

5. Cargo transfer and cargo sampling depressurized the cargo tanks before manual gauging or

sampling and re-pressurized back after done.

6. Crude oil washing maintain the positive pressure and oxygen content less than 8% by volume.

7. Ballast condition - maintain the positive pressure and oxygen content less than 8% by volume.

8. Tank cleaning should be washed in the inert condition and under a positive pressure.


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9. Purging prior to gas-freeing reduce the concentration of hydrocarbon vapour to 2% by volume.

10. Gas-freeing increase the oxygen content of 21% by volume and LFL less than 1%.

11. Tank entry - increase the oxygen content of 21% by volume and LFL less than 1%.

12. Re-inerting after the tank entry

Inert gas must on tankers

Required Under Regulation 60 of SOLAS For All Petroleum Tankers more than 20,000 DWT Keel laid after 1-9-84 Exception for Existing Tankers (Keel Laid prior 84)

- i) Tank Washing Machine Capacity less than 60 Cubic Meter/Hour &

- ii) Unreasonable & Impracticable due to design determined by Administration

- iii) For Product Tankers between 20-40,000DWT tank washing Machine Capacity less than 60 cubic

meter/Hour

Tankers fitted with IGS to keep COT inerted at all timesRequirement for Operation & Equipment Manual

Every Crude tanker operating COW Must for all crude oil tankers over 20000 Dwt fitted COW system Under Regulation 13B of MARPOL 73/78 Shall provide details of system and equipment Specify Operational Procedures Designed By Classification Society Shall be approved by administration1. Rules and regulation approval why IG why COW under what rulesCOW

- The IMO International Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention which was held in1978 issued Protocols to existing SOLAS and MARPOL conventions. The MARPOL 1978 Protocols

requires COW in new crude carries of 20 000 ton dwt and above, and existing tankers of 40 000

tons dwt and above must have either COW or segregated ballast tanks. In accordance with the

SOLAS 1978 Protocol every COW tanker must have an inert gas system.


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I/G

- The 1978 Protocol to SOLAS came into force on 1st May 1981. By the requirement of thatProtocol all existing tankers of 70 000 metric tons deadweight and upwards had to have an inert

gas system by 1st

May 1983, existing crude carriers of 20 000 metric tons deadweight and

upwards and existing product carriers of 40 000 metric tons deadweight and upwards had to

have and inert gas system by 1st May 1985. Existing tanker for the purpose of the Protocol refers

to ships which were in existence on the date of entry into force of the Protocol. All new tankers

of 20 000 metric tons deadweight and upwards shall have an inert gas system. New tanker for

the purpose of the Protocol means a vessel for which the contract was placed after 1st June 1979

or was in an early stage building on 1st

January 1980 or which was delivered after 1st

June 1982.

Required Under Regulation 60 of SOLAS For All Petroleum Tankers more than 20,000 DWT Keel laid after 1-9-84 Exception for Existing Tankers (Keel Laid prior 84)

- i) TankWashing Machine Capacity less than 60 Cubic Meter/Hour &

- ii) Unreasonable & Impracticable due to design determined by Administration

- iii) For Product Tankers between 20-40,000DWT tank washing Machine Capacity less than 60

cubic meter/Hour

Tankers fitted with IGS to keep COT inerted at all timesInitial Approval ofCow System