cardiac investigation in heart failure
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Cardiac Investigation in Cardiac Investigation in Heart FailureHeart Failure
What Internist Needs to What Internist Needs to knowknow
Sarinya Puwanant, MD, FASESarinya Puwanant, MD, FASE
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare disease and I screen for rare disease and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD?
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare disease and I screen for rare disease and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD?
Assessment of CAD in HFAssessment of CAD in HF
Is the patient a potential Is the patient a potential revascularization candidate?revascularization candidate?
Recommendations linked to proof Recommendations linked to proof that revasc alters outcomes.that revasc alters outcomes.
ESTPerfusionStress Echo
Get Angiogram FirstGet Angiogram First
Angina (I)Angina (I) Atypical Chest Pain (IIa)Atypical Chest Pain (IIa) Known CAD + No chest pain (IIa)Known CAD + No chest pain (IIa) Suspected CAD with Chest pain (IIa)Suspected CAD with Chest pain (IIa)
Stress Test, Viability, Stress Test, Viability, Perfusion StudyPerfusion Study
Known CAD (extent) (IIa)Known CAD (extent) (IIa) Diagnostic CAD (IIb)Diagnostic CAD (IIb)
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare disease and I screen for rare disease and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD?
Spotty DiseaseSpotty Disease Sensitivity 50%Sensitivity 50% False negative 40%False negative 40%
No specific Rx even immunosuppressive Rx No specific Rx even immunosuppressive Rx does not improved outcomesdoes not improved outcomes
Giant Cell Myocarditis Giant Cell Myocarditis
Trial ImmunosuppressiveTrial Immunosuppressive
LVADLVAD
OHTxOHTx GCM- Young, Female, rapid deterioration GCM- Young, Female, rapid deterioration
(VT, CHB, rapid drop of EF)(VT, CHB, rapid drop of EF)
Biopsy is useful forBiopsy is useful for
Confirm diagnosis (Strongly suspected)Confirm diagnosis (Strongly suspected) Altered managementAltered management
– Anthracycline toxicityAnthracycline toxicity– Affect Suitability for OHTX ( Amyloid)Affect Suitability for OHTX ( Amyloid)– GCMGCM
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare disease and I screen for rare disease and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD?
B-Natriuretic Peptide in HFB-Natriuretic Peptide in HF
PhysiologyPhysiology
Caveats of Natriuretic PeptideCaveats of Natriuretic Peptide
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide and and
Landmark TrialsLandmark Trials
When should we order Natriuretic When should we order Natriuretic Peptide?Peptide?
B-Natriuretic Peptide in HFB-Natriuretic Peptide in HF
PhysiologyPhysiology
Caveats of Natriuretic PeptideCaveats of Natriuretic Peptide
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide and and
Landmark TrialsLandmark Trials
When should we order Natriuretic When should we order Natriuretic Peptide?Peptide?
BNP Release BNP Release
Atrial Atrial stretchstretch Not always = Not always = pressurepressure
i.e., tamponadei.e., tamponade
Increased LV wall Increased LV wall stressstress
ProBNPProBNP
NT-ProBNP
BNP
Pre-ProBNPPre-ProBNP
-In-active-Half Life 90 90 min
-Active-Half Life 2020 min
B-Natriuretic Peptide in HFB-Natriuretic Peptide in HF
PhysiologyPhysiology
CaveatCaveatSS of Natriuretic Peptide of Natriuretic Peptide
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide and and
Landmark TrialsLandmark Trials
When should we order Natriuretic When should we order Natriuretic Peptide?Peptide?
High BNPHigh BNP
ElderlyElderly FemaleFemale Pulmonary EmboliPulmonary Emboli Renal FailureRenal Failure H/o HF w/ undiagnosed H/o HF w/ undiagnosed
dyspneadyspnea AnemiaAnemia Hyperthyroid (NT)Hyperthyroid (NT)
Low BNP Tamponade Constriction Obesity –NPR-C
400 pg/ml pg/ml-se 87, sp 76
NT 1200 pg/ml-se 89, sp 72
B-Natriuretic Peptide in HFB-Natriuretic Peptide in HF
PhysiologyPhysiology
Caveat of Natriuretic PeptideCaveat of Natriuretic Peptide
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide Peptide
and Landmark Trialsand Landmark Trials
When should we order Natriuretic When should we order Natriuretic Peptide?Peptide?
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Heart FailurePeptide in Heart Failure
1. 1. Diagnosis Diagnosis Ruling out Ruling out
2. Risk Stratification2. Risk Stratification
3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction
4. Guiding Management of Heart 4. Guiding Management of Heart FailureFailure
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Heart FailurePeptide in Heart Failure
1.1. Diagnosis Diagnosis Ruling out Ruling out
2. Risk Stratification2. Risk Stratification
3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction
4. Guiding Management of Heart Failure4. Guiding Management of Heart Failure
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Heart FailurePeptide in Heart Failure
ConfirmConfirm or or Rule outRule out HF HF DiagnosisDiagnosis
AmbiguousAmbiguous signs and symptoms signs and symptoms
AcuteAcute Setting Setting
BNPBNP Cut – Off Cut – Off
Maisel. N Engl J Med 2002;347:161-7
BNP StudyN=1586
References Ranges References Ranges BNP (pg/ml)BNP (pg/ml)
767 Subjects w/o CV diseases or LV dysfunction 767 Subjects w/o CV diseases or LV dysfunction (5(5thth-95-95thth percentile) percentile)
Age 45-54 55-64 65-75 74-83Age 45-54 55-64 65-75 74-83
Female Female 8-73 10-93 13-120 16-1558-73 10-93 13-120 16-155
Male Male 4-40 5-52 7-67 9-86 4-40 5-52 7-67 9-86
Redfield JACC 2002
NT-Pro BNPNT-Pro BNP Cut - Off Cut - Off
PRIDE STUDY
N=600
Am J Cardiol 2005;95:948
Pro-NT BNPPro-NT BNP Cut - Off Cut - Off
Januzzi EHJ 2006:27:330
The International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study
N=1256
Preserved EF HF - BNP Sub-Preserved EF HF - BNP Sub-studystudy
JACC 2003;41:2010 –7
BASEL STUDY
• N=452, ER w/ acute dyspnea, Biosite Essay
• 2 Diagnostic strategies- BNP and no BNP
• BNP group - Less need for hospitalization (75% vs. 85%, p< 0.05) - Less need for intensive care (15 vs. 24%, p<0.05) - Rapid time to discharge (8 vs. 11 days, p<0.05) - Less total cost of treatment (5410 $ vs. 7264$, p<0.05) - Similar 30- day mortality
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Heart FailurePeptide in Heart Failure
ConfirmConfirm or or Rule outRule out HF HF DiagnosisDiagnosis
AmbiguousAmbiguous signs and symptoms signs and symptoms
NonNon- Acute- Acute Setting Setting
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Diagnosis of Heart Failure in Non-Acute Setting
1. Class II a, Level of evidence C
2. Skeptical, various cut-off values (80-300 pg/ml)
3. Lack of good prospective randomized control trials
4. Presently, NT pro-BNP improved HF diagnostic accuracy (21 vs. 8%, p<0.002). Number needed to Dx =7
5. Great impact on ruling out HF
6. Lower cut-off compared to those in acute setting
Zaphirio European Journal of Heart Failure 7 (2005) 537– 541
N=306ESC HF criteria
Nielsen et al. The European Journal of Heart Failure 6 (2004) 63–70
NT-pro BNP <17 pg/mlAge >=50
NT-pro BNP <11 pg/mlAge >=50
N= 345, ESC HF Dx
Sens 95% Spect 68% PPV 54% NPV 97%
• N=558, Chronic stable systolic HF
• Asymptomatic (n=60) BNP 5-572 pg/ml, median 147
• Symptomatic (n=498) 21% had BNP <100 pg/ml
r=0.32 r=0.69
• Weak correlation of BNP and PCWP in ICU pts with LV dysfx -Circulation. 2004;109:2432-2439
• Poor correlation of BNP, pro BNP and LVEDP (r=0.05-0.08)
-Am Heart J 2006; 152:107126
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Heart FailurePeptide in Heart Failure
1. 1. Diagnosis Diagnosis Ruling out Ruling out
2. Risk Stratification2. Risk Stratification
3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction
4. Guiding Management of Heart Failure4. Guiding Management of Heart Failure
Risk Stratification• Provide robust prognostic information - Normal Population - ACS - CAD - CRT - HF - PE
for both BNP and proBNP for both absolute values and delta values on F/U
• Provide incremental prognostic information
• Lack of clear clinical utility of guiding of clinical management
(Circulation. 2003;107:1278-1283.)
N=4300 HF patientsValheft Study
• N= 72, NYHA class 3-4• Last BNP strongly associate combine endpoints (death, re-HF hospitalization)• BNP @ DC = strong predictor of re-admission
J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:386 –91
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Heart FailurePeptide in Heart Failure
1. 1. Diagnosis Diagnosis Ruling out Ruling out
2. Risk Stratification2. Risk Stratification
3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction
4. Guiding Management of Heart Failure4. Guiding Management of Heart Failure
Screening for Cardiac Dysfunction
CV Risk Factors
Asymptomatic LV dysfx
Overt Heart Failure
Advanced/Terminal Heart Failure
AHA/ACC Stage
A
B
C
D
?
Screening for Cardiac Dysfunction
Approach 1 – Post MI w/o overt HF
Approach 2- Other Population Olmsted Higher BNP, higher LV abn.
• Inconclusive data (vary ranges, cost effectiveness)
• Pro and Con• Class II b• Still not warranted/recommended
LV diastolic dysfunctionLV diastolic dysfunction
N=294
Circulation. 2002;105:595-601
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Heart FailurePeptide in Heart Failure
1. 1. Diagnosis Diagnosis Ruling out Ruling out
2. Risk Stratification2. Risk Stratification
3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction3. Screening Cardiac Dysfunction
4. Guiding Management of Heart Failure4. Guiding Management of Heart Failure
N=220NYHA 2-3LVEF <45%BNP <100 = targetMedian 15 months FU
JACC 2007;49:1733–9
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide in Heart FailurePeptide in Heart Failure
? Track changes in Clinical Status? Track changes in Clinical Status
Track changes in Risk and Clinical Status
• BNP falls rapidly after diuretics
• BNP correlates w/ functional status in OPD pts.
- Independent of hemodynamic status - vary widely - Lag period?
- High intra-individual variability
•Pre DC BNP is superior to Admission BNP in predicting of death, HF hospitalization in pts with acute LVF
• BNP is not a perfect surrogate for intravascular volume • Driving down BNP at all costs may be potentially harmful • NT pro-BNP comes down slower than BNP• What is optimal level?• Therefore … at best this is an unproven concept
B-Natriuretic Peptide in HFB-Natriuretic Peptide in HF
PhysiologyPhysiology
Caveats of Natriuretic PeptideCaveats of Natriuretic Peptide
Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide Clinical Utility of Natriuretic Peptide and and
Landmark TrialsLandmark Trials
When should we order Natriuretic When should we order Natriuretic Peptide?Peptide?
When Should we order When Should we order BNP/NT- proBNP ?BNP/NT- proBNP ?
1. To exclude or diagnose HF patients presented with acute dyspnea and ambiguous signs and symptoms of HF (Ruling out > Diagnose)
2. To exclude HF in patient presented with non-acute dyspnea and ambiguous signs and symptoms of HF in some patients (not routine !)
3. To assess risk stratification if needed in selected patients (not routine !)
Adapted from Tang Circulation July 31, 2007
Not Recommend Not Recommend ordering BNP/NT-ordering BNP/NT-PBNP :PBNP :
1. Routine BNP/NT-pro BNP testing for screening of asymptomatic LV dysfunction
2. Routine blood biomarker testing for the sole purpose of risk stratification in patients with HF
3. Routine blood BNP or NT-proBNP testing for making specific therapeutic decisions for patients with acute or chronic heart failure
(Reasons: still emerging but incomplete data as well as intra- and inter-individual variations)
Adapted from Tang Circulation July 31, 2007
Have to ask before Have to ask before interpretationinterpretation
1. NT pro BNP vs. BNP?
2. What kind of essay?
Research [Shionogi®] vs. Commercial [Abbots®, Biosite®]
3. Any factors affecting BNP/ pro BNP level?
4. Is ordering physician clever ? Why did he/she order?
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare diseases and I screen for rare diseases and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD?
When shouldWhen should I screen for rare I screen for rare diseases and comorbidities?diseases and comorbidities?
AnthracyclineAnthracycline HerceptinHerceptin CyclophosphamideCyclophosphamide ChloroquineChloroquine ETOH, CocainETOH, Cocain NSAIDS-Cox2NSAIDS-Cox2 XRTXRT Premature CADPremature CAD Valvular diseaseValvular disease CPCP RCMRCM
HF and systemic diseaseHF and systemic disease
Recognize Clinical Recognize Clinical ClueClue Routine screening not Routine screening not
recommended if nothing recommended if nothing suggested in clinical historysuggested in clinical history
HemochromatosisHIVCNTDAmyloidPheochromocytomaFamilial CM
ROUTINE LAB:CBC, UA, BUN, Cr, ElyteBG, Lipid, LFT, TSH12 lead EGCXR PA, lat
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare diseases and I screen for rare diseases and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD? Hot Topic-Sleep and HFHot Topic-Sleep and HF
When should I get metabolic When should I get metabolic stress testing ?stress testing ?
Vo2 max < 14 ml/k/min orVo2 max < 14 ml/k/min or <50% age and sex matched<50% age and sex matched RER >=1.15RER >=1.15 Don’t do until medical Rx optimized. Don’t do until medical Rx optimized.
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare diseases and I screen for rare diseases and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD? Hot Topic-Sleep and HFHot Topic-Sleep and HF
Heart Failure
Diastolic dysfunction- LV filling pressure- Exercise/rest
Systolic dysfunction Structural Abnormalities
•RV•Pericardial disease
E/e’ = 22
Mitral e’ = 5 cm/s
Mitral E = 110 cm/s
110/5
Diastolic LV filling pressure ?
Critical LM CADLVEDP 28 mmHg
Estimation of Estimation of LV Filling PressureLV Filling Pressure
mLAP
LVEDP
PCWP
E / E’ ratioE / E’ ratio
E/E’ < 8
M-LVDP (mmHg)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0E/E’ 8-15 E/E’ > 15
M-LVDP (mmHg)
E/E’ < 8 E/E’ 8-15 E/E’ > 15
Patients with EF < 50% Patients with EF > 50%Patients with EF < 50% Patients with EF > 50%
M-LVDP vs. Groups Defied M-LVDP vs. Groups Defied byby
Values of Septal E/E’Values of Septal E/E’
Ommen et al. Circulation 2000 110-103
Omens SR Circ 102: 10/10/2000
Septal vs. LateralSeptal vs. Lateral
Omens SR Circ 102: 10/10/2000
Diastolic Diastolic DysfunctionDysfunction
Lateral E/E’ >10 predicts Lateral E/E’ >10 predicts LVEDP >12 mmHgLVEDP >12 mmHg
Sensitivity 91%Sensitivity 91% Specificity 81%Specificity 81%
Nagueh et al. JACC 1997; 30:1527-33
Correlations between Correlations between PCWP and BNP vs. PCWP and BNP vs.
Mitral E/e’Mitral E/e’
Echocardiography is now able to estimated LV filling pressure under various conditions
RA pressureRA pressure
Note in intubated patients, IVC size is not reliable for RA pressure assessment (unless it is small).
IVC ∆ with respRA
pressure
<1.5 cm collapse 0-5 mmhg
nl (1.5-2.5) >50% 5-10
nl <50% 11-15
>2.5 <50% 16-20
>2.5 no change >20
RVSP-RASP = Peak gradient TR= 85 mmHgRVSP = 85 + RASP
= 85+5= 90
RV
RA
mRAP =5 mmHg
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare diseases and I screen for rare diseases and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD? Hot Topic-Sleep and HFHot Topic-Sleep and HF
Right AtrialLead
Right VentricularLead
Left VentricularLead
COMPANION study N Engl J Med 2004;350:2140-50.
(Death and hospitalization) (Death from any cause)
•NYHA class III•QRS 120
•PR 150 •LVEF < 35%
•NSR•VDD pacing
CARE-HF N Engl J Med 2005;352:1539-49.
•NYHA class III•LVEF < 35%
•QRS 120-149 plus echo criteria•LVEDD 30 mm
•QRS > 149
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy* Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy* in Patients With Severe Systolic in Patients With Severe Systolic
Heart FailureHeart Failure
I IIa IIb III
III IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIII
III IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIII 1. LVEF <=35%2. QRS >=120 ms3. Sinus rhythm4. NYHA III or ambulatory IV5. Optimal medical Rx
1. LVEF <=35%2. QRS >=120 ms3. AFib4. NYHA III or ambulatory IV5. Optimal medical Rx
1. LVEF <=35%2. QRS >=120 ms3. V pacing dependent4. NYHA III or ambulatory IV5. Optimal medical Rx
Cardiac Resynchronization Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy* in Patients With Severe Therapy* in Patients With Severe
Systolic Heart FailureSystolic Heart Failure
For patients with LVEF less than or equal to 35% with For patients with LVEF less than or equal to 35% with NYHA functional Class I or II symptoms who are NYHA functional Class I or II symptoms who are receiving optimal recommended medical therapy and receiving optimal recommended medical therapy and who are who are undergoing implantation of a permanent undergoing implantation of a permanent pacemaker and/or ICD with anticipated frequent pacemaker and/or ICD with anticipated frequent ventricular pacing, CRT may be considered.ventricular pacing, CRT may be considered.
CRT is not indicated for asymptomatic patients with CRT is not indicated for asymptomatic patients with reduced LVEF in the absence of other indications for reduced LVEF in the absence of other indications for pacing. pacing.
CRT is not indicated for patients whose functional status CRT is not indicated for patients whose functional status and life expectancy are limited predominantly by and life expectancy are limited predominantly by chronic noncardiac conditions. chronic noncardiac conditions.
III IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIII
III IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIII
III IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIII IIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIIIIIaIIaIIa IIbIIbIIb IIIIIIIII
N Engl J Med 2005;352:225-37
N=2521LVEF 35%NYHA class II
Evaluation /InvestigationEvaluation /Investigation
How do I assess CAD in HF ?How do I assess CAD in HF ? When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ?When should I do endomyocardial biopsy ? When should I order BNP?When should I order BNP? When shouldWhen should I screen for rare diseases and I screen for rare diseases and
comorbidities?comorbidities? When should I get metabolic stress testing ?When should I get metabolic stress testing ? When should I use echo for guiding management?When should I use echo for guiding management? When should I place CRT/ICD?When should I place CRT/ICD? Hot Topic-Sleep and HFHot Topic-Sleep and HF
Sleep and HFSleep and HF
OSAOSA Central Apnea- Chyne Central Apnea- Chyne
stroke Respstroke Resp
Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB)Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB)
[Apnea-Hypopnea syndrome][Apnea-Hypopnea syndrome] SDB – apnea or hypopneaSDB – apnea or hypopnea
AH index (Apnea/hypopnea index)AH index (Apnea/hypopnea index)งง 5-15 Mild5-15 Mild >15 Moderate or severe>15 Moderate or severe
AH syndrome (SDB)AH syndrome (SDB) Daytime somnolence Daytime somnolence
Sleep and HFSleep and HF
PolysomnogramPolysomnogram
Sleep and HFSleep and HF
General popGeneral pop SDB 24% men, 9% womenSDB 24% men, 9% women
OSAH syndrome 4% male, 2 % female.OSAH syndrome 4% male, 2 % female.
HF with low LVEFHF with low LVEF Prevalence is higherPrevalence is higher SDB = 51%SDB = 51%
(78% CSA, 22% OSAH)(78% CSA, 22% OSAH)
Sleep and HFSleep and HF
CSA caused by HFCSA caused by HF OSA caused HFOSA caused HF
Sleep and HFSleep and HF
OSAHSOSAHS Weight LossWeight Loss CPAPCPAP
CSR-CSACSR-CSANocturnal O2Nocturnal O2
CPAP needed?CPAP needed?
TheophyllineTheophylline
ASV-Alternating servo ventilationASV-Alternating servo ventilation
Sleep and HF RxSleep and HF Rx